Django2.2帮助文档的第一个例子：一个简易的投票系统—Prat1_2

• 2020 年 3 月 3 日
• 筆記

原文链接

https://docs.djangoproject.com/en/2.2/intro/tutorial01/

查看Django版本

python -m Django --version  

本份教程使用的Django版本是2.2；Python版本是3.5或者之后（This tutorial is written for Django 2.2, which supports Python 3.5 and later.）

创建项目

django-admin startproject mysite  

创建app

python manage.py startapp polls  

在新生成的polls文件夹下新建一个urls.py的文件 写上代码

from django.urls import path  from . import views      urlpatterns = [      path('',views.index,name="index")  ]  

在当前目录下的views.py文件中写入代码

from django.http import HttpResponse    def index(request):      return HttpResponse("Hello, world. You're at the polls index")  

在mysite目录下的urls.py文件里写入代码

from django.urls import include  urlpatterns = [      path('admin/', admin.site.urls),      path('polls/',include('polls.urls'))  ]  

运行服务器看下效果

python manager.py runserver  

在浏览器里输入 http://127.0.0.1:8000/polls/ 可以看到

image.png

在mysite目录下的settings文件中的INSTALLED_APPS列表中写入‘polls.apps.PollsConfig’ 在polls文件夹下的models.py文件中写入代码

class Question(models.Model):      question_text = models.CharField(max_length=200)      pub_date = models.DateTimeField('date published')      class Choice(models.Model):      question = models.ForeignKey(Question,on_delete=models.CASCADE)      choice_text = models.CharField(max_length=200)      votes = models.IntegerField(default=0)  

在命令行窗口输入

python manage.py migrate  python manage.py makemigrations polls  python manage.py sqlmigrate polls 0001  python manage.py migrate  

更改polls文件夹下的models.py文件

import datetime  from django.db import models  from django.utils import timezone    # Create your models here.      class Question(models.Model):      question_text = models.CharField(max_length=200)      pub_date = models.DateTimeField('date published')        def __str__(self):          return self.question_text        def was_published_recently(self):          return self.pub_date >= timezone.now - datetime.timedelta(days=1)      class Choice(models.Model):      question = models.ForeignKey(Question,on_delete=models.CASCADE)      choice_text = models.CharField(max_length=200)      votes = models.IntegerField(default=0)        def __str__(self):          return self.choice_text  

在命令行窗口输入

python manage.py shell  from polls.models import Choice, Question  from django.utils import timezone  q = Question(question_text="What's new?", pub_date=timezone.now())  q.save()  q.question_text  q.pub_date  q.question_text = "What's up?"  q.save()  exit()  

创建管理员账户

python manage.py createsuperuser  Username: admin  Email address: [email protected]  Password: **********  Password (again): *********  Superuser created successfully.  python manage.py runserver  

image.png

至此，教程的part1和part2就重复出来了。重复过程中遇到了很多不懂的代码，先不管了，争取把完整的教程重复完！