Oracle 19c之RPM安装

• 2019 年 10 月 5 日
• 筆記

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本文链接：https://blog.csdn.net/bisal/article/details/100909708

Oracle 19c，或者说是Oracle 12.2.0.3，是12c中稳定的版本，就像Oracle 11.2.0.4，是值得让客户做出升级决策，从Oracle支持的版本序列图中，就可以看出Oracle 19c所处的地位，

Oracle 19c将稳定性作为此版本的核心目标，开发人员专注于修复已知问题，而不是添加新功能，这可能是让19c更加可靠以及让客户决定升级的关键因素，

19c相关技术文档，

https://docs.oracle.com/en/database/oracle/oracle-database/19/index.html

对我来说，12c都是比较陌生的，毕竟平时没什么机会用到，但是没条件，就要创造条件，要了解19c，第一步，就是需要具备一个测试环境。

说到19c的安装，相比11g，除了支持图形、命令行、静默安装外，最大的改进，就是支持RPM安装。

RPM是什么？RPM是Red-Hat Package Manager(RPM软件包管理器)的缩写，原本是Red Hat Linux发行版专门用来管理Linux各项套件的程序，由于它遵循GPL规则且功能强大方便，因而广受欢迎，逐渐受到其他发行版的采用。RPM套件管理方式的出现，让Linux易于安装，升级，间接提升了Linux的适用度。他的文件格式名称虽然打上了RedHat的标志，但是其原始设计理念是开放式的，现在包括OpenLinux、S.u.S.E.以及Turbo Linux等Linux的分发版本都有采用，可以算是公认的行业标准了。

Linux上安装Oracle 19c，需要OL7、RHEL7、SLES12及以上的更高版本。Oracle Enterprise Linux6和RedHat Linux6并没有出现在官方给的列表中，

19c的RPM包下载链接，

https://www.oracle.com/database/technologies/oracle19c-linux-downloads.html

可以看到，19c开始支持企业版本的RPM，容量是2.5GB，

使用手工方式，通过RPM安装19c数据库，只需要两步操作，

步骤1：安装oracle-database-preinstall-19c-1.0-1.el7.x86_64.rpm

步骤2：安装oracle-database-ee-19c-1.0-1.x86_64.rpm

步骤1：安装oracle-database-preinstall-19c-1.0-1.el7.x86_64.rpm

如果OEL平台，只需要执行，

yum -y install oracle-database-preinstall-19c

如果不是OEL平台，首先要下载对应平台的RPM，我用的是RedHat 7.4，下载链接地址，

https://yum.oracle.com/repo/OracleLinux/OL7/latest/x86_64/index.html

搜索preinstall-19c，找到，

第一次执行，未必就可以成功，在我的测试环境，从错误的提示看，少了一些依赖库，

[root@localhost software]# rpm -ivh oracle-database-preinstall-19c-1.0-1.el7.x86_64.rpm  warning: oracle-database-preinstall-19c-1.0-1.el7.x86_64.rpm: Header V3 RSA/SHA256 Signature, key ID ec551f03: NOKEY  error: Failed dependencies:      compat-libcap1 is needed by oracle-database-preinstall-19c-1.0-1.el7.x86_64      compat-libstdc++-33 is needed by oracle-database-preinstall-19c-1.0-1.el7.x86_64      glibc-devel is needed by oracle-database-preinstall-19c-1.0-1.el7.x86_64  ...

碰见这种情况，一个是可以从操作系统安装文件的Package中找到些库，另一个就是从网上检索安装库，在我的测试中，大部分少的库，都可以从Package中找到，但是compat-libstdc++-33这个并不在。

根据MOS(2254198.1)的提示，这个包是Oracle Text需要的，如果不用Oracle Text，可以忽略这个包，在RedHat 7的安装包中已经删除了。

如果不能容忍任何的错误，非得装上，可以到这个链接，下载下来安装，

http://www.rpmfind.net/linux/rpm2html/search.php?query=compat-libstdc%2B%2B-33(x86-64)

再次安装，

[root@localhost software]# rpm -ivh oracle-database-preinstall-19c-1.0-1.el7.x86_64.rpm  warning: oracle-database-preinstall-19c-1.0-1.el7.x86_64.rpm: Header V3 RSA/SHA256 Signature, key ID ec551f03: NOKEY  Preparing...                          ################################# [100%]  Updating / installing...     1:oracle-database-preinstall-19c-1.################################# [100%]

步骤2：安装oracle-database-ee-19c-1.0-1.x86_64.rpm

此时，只需要执行oracle-database-ee-19c-1.0-1.x86_64.rpm的安装即可，但是我的第一次执行中，报了错，提示清楚，总计要6.9GB的空间，我还需要1.3GB的空间，所以安装前，准备出足够空间，是个前提，

[root@localhost software]# yum install -y oracle-database-ee-19c-1.0-1.x86_64.rpm  Loaded plugins: langpacks, product-id, search-disabled-repos, subscription-                : manager  This system is not registered with an entitlement server. You can use subscription-manager to register.  Examining oracle-database-ee-19c-1.0-1.x86_64.rpm: oracle-database-ee-19c-1.0-1.x86_64  Marking oracle-database-ee-19c-1.0-1.x86_64.rpm to be installed  Resolving Dependencies  --> Running transaction check  ---> Package oracle-database-ee-19c.x86_64 0:1.0-1 will be installed  --> Finished Dependency Resolution    Dependencies Resolved    ================================================================================   Package                Arch   Version                                       Repository                            Size  ================================================================================  Installing:   oracle-database-ee-19c x86_64 1.0-1 /oracle-database-ee-19c-1.0-1.x86_64 6.9 G    Transaction Summary  ================================================================================  Install  1 Package    Total size: 6.9 G  Installed size: 6.9 G  Downloading packages:  Running transaction check  Running transaction test      Transaction check error:    installing package oracle-database-ee-19c-1.0-1.x86_64 needs 1322MB on the / filesystem    Error Summary  -------------  Disk Requirements:    At least 1322MB more space needed on the / filesystem.

再次安装，只需要几分钟，就可以完成Oracle 19c软件的安装，

[root@localhost software]# yum install oracle-database-ee-19c-1.0-1.x86_64.rpm  Loaded plugins: langpacks, product-id, search-disabled-repos, subscription-                : manager  This system is not registered with an entitlement server. You can use subscription-manager to register.  Examining oracle-database-ee-19c-1.0-1.x86_64.rpm: oracle-database-ee-19c-1.0-1.x86_64  Marking oracle-database-ee-19c-1.0-1.x86_64.rpm to be installed  Resolving Dependencies  --> Running transaction check  ---> Package oracle-database-ee-19c.x86_64 0:1.0-1 will be installed  --> Finished Dependency Resolution    Dependencies Resolved    ================================================================================   Package                Arch   Version                                       Repository                            Size  ================================================================================  Installing:   oracle-database-ee-19c x86_64 1.0-1 /oracle-database-ee-19c-1.0-1.x86_64 6.9 G    Transaction Summary  ================================================================================  Install  1 Package    Total size: 6.9 G  Installed size: 6.9 G  Is this ok [y/d/N]: y  Downloading packages:  Running transaction check  Running transaction test  Transaction test succeeded  Running transaction  Warning: RPMDB altered outside of yum.    Installing : oracle-database-ee-19c-1.0-1.x86_64                          1/1  [INFO] Executing post installation scripts...  [INFO] Oracle home installed successfully and ready to be configured.  To configure a sample Oracle Database you can execute the following service configuration script as root: /etc/init.d/oracledb_ORCLCDB-19c configure    Verifying  : oracle-database-ee-19c-1.0-1.x86_64                          1/1    Installed:    oracle-database-ee-19c.x86_64 0:1.0-1    Complete!

完成了软件安装，下一步就是创建数据库，指令是

/etc/init.d/oracledb_ORCLCDB-19c configure

但是首次执行，还是出错了，要求使用root执行，

[oracle@localhost init.d]$ /etc/init.d/oracledb_ORCLCDB-19c configure  You must be root user to run the configurations script. Login as root user and try again.

再执行，这次的错误，提示数据文件空间满了，从提示可以看出，RPM安装默认的数据文件路径是/opt/oracle/oradata，

[root@localhost ~]# /etc/init.d/oracledb_ORCLCDB-19c configure  Configuring Oracle Database ORCLCDB.  [FATAL] [DBT-06604] The location specified for 'Data Files Location' has insufficient free space.     CAUSE: Only (4,174MB) free space is available on the location (/opt/oracle/oradata/ORCLCDB/).     ACTION: Choose a 'Data Files Location' that has enough space (minimum of (4,244MB)) or free up space on the specified location.    Database configuration failed.   

这个执行过程，就是11g很像了，需要十几分钟，才可以执行完成，

[root@localhost ~]# /etc/init.d/oracledb_ORCLCDB-19c configure  Configuring Oracle Database ORCLCDB.  Prepare for db operation  8% complete  Copying database files  31% complete  Creating and starting Oracle instance  32% complete  36% complete    40% complete  43% complete  46% complete  Completing Database Creation  51% complete  54% complete  Creating Pluggable Databases  58% complete  77% complete  Executing Post Configuration Actions  100% complete  Database creation complete. For details check the logfiles at:   /opt/oracle/cfgtoollogs/dbca/ORCLCDB.  Database Information:  Global Database Name:ORCLCDB  System Identifier(SID):ORCLCDB  Look at the log file "/opt/oracle/cfgtoollogs/dbca/ORCLCDB/ORCLCDB.log" for further details.    Database configuration completed successfully. The passwords were auto generated, you must change them by connecting to the database using 'sqlplus / as sysdba' as the oracle user.

从路径中，可以看到，相关的控制文件、日志文件、数据文件，

[oracle@localhost ORCLCDB]$ pwd  /opt/oracle/oradata/ORCLCDB  [oracle@localhost ORCLCDB]$ ls  control01.ctl  ORCLPDB1  redo01.log  redo03.log    system01.dbf  undotbs01.dbf  control02.ctl  pdbseed   redo02.log  sysaux01.dbf  temp01.dbf    users01.dbf

和11g相同，oracle用户的profile，需要做些配置，增加环境变量，

export ORACLE_BASE=/opt/oracle  export ORACLE_HOME=/opt/oracle/product/19c/dbhome_1  export ORACLE_SID=ORCLCDB  export PATH=$ORACLE_HOME/bin:$PATH:$HOME/.local/bin:$HOME/bin

正常访问，

[oracle@localhost ~]$ sqlplus / as sysdba  SQL*Plus: Release 19.0.0.0.0 - Production on Sun Sep 8 08:55:56 2019  Version 19.3.0.0.0  Copyright (c) 1982, 2019, Oracle.  All rights reserved.    Connected to:  Oracle Database 19c Enterprise Edition Release 19.0.0.0.0 - Production  Version 19.3.0.0.0

从安装步骤看，RPM确实简单，除了需要关注安装路径和数据库文件的磁盘空间，以及保证依赖包具备，需要做的，就是一个RPM指令，降低了以往Linux下的安装复杂性，和19c倡导Autonomous自治不谋而和，真正实现了一键安装。