一个例子形象的理解异步和多线程的区别
一个例子形象的理解异步和多线程的区别
Talk is cheap, show me the code! 所以,废话先不说,先上代码:
首先写一个WebAPI接口
/// <summary>
/// 测试接口
/// </summary>
[RoutePrefix("api/test")]
public class TestController : ApiController
{
/// <summary>
/// 测试GET请求
/// </summary>
/// <param name="val">测试参数</param>
[HttpGet]
[Route("TestGet")]
public HttpResponseMessage TestGet(string val)
{
Thread.Sleep(200); //模拟执行耗时操作
return new HttpResponseMessage { Content = new StringContent(val.ToString(), Encoding.UTF8, "text/plain") };
}
}
测试代码
using System;
using System.Collections.Generic;
using System.Diagnostics;
using System.Linq;
using System.Text;
using System.Threading;
using System.Threading.Tasks;
using System.Windows.Forms;
using Utils;
namespace AsyncDemo2
{
public partial class Form1 : Form
{
private int n = 200;
public Form1()
{
InitializeComponent();
Task.Factory.StartNew(() =>
{
while (true)
{
Thread.Sleep(100);
ThreadPool.GetMaxThreads(out int w1, out int c1);
ThreadPool.GetAvailableThreads(out int w2, out int c2);
int w = w1 - w2;
int c = c1 - c2;
label1.BeginInvoke(new Action(() =>
{
label1.Text = string.Format("工作线程:{0} 异步线程:{1}", w, c);
}));
}
}, TaskCreationOptions.LongRunning);
}
/// <summary>
/// 日志输出
/// </summary>
private void Log(string msg)
{
this.BeginInvoke(new Action(() =>
{
textBox1.AppendText(DateTime.Now.ToString("mm:ss.fff") + ":" + msg + "\r\n");
}));
}
/// <summary>
/// 异步请求
/// </summary>
private async Task ReqeustAsync(int val)
{
try
{
Log("异步 开始请求" + val);
string result = await HttpUtil.HttpGetAsync("//localhost:8500/api/test/TestGet?val=" + val);
Log("异步 返回数据" + result + " 线程ID:" + Thread.CurrentThread.ManagedThreadId);
}
catch (Exception ex)
{
Log("出错:" + ex.Message);
}
}
/// <summary>
/// 在线程中同步请求
/// </summary>
private Task Request(int val)
{
return Task.Run(() =>
{
try
{
Log("同步多线程 开始请求" + val);
string result = HttpUtil.HttpGet("//localhost:8500/api/test/TestGet?val=" + val);
Log("同步多线程 返回数据" + result + " 线程ID:" + Thread.CurrentThread.ManagedThreadId);
}
catch (Exception ex)
{
Log("出错:" + ex.Message);
}
});
}
//测试异步请求
private async void button3_Click(object sender, EventArgs e)
{
textBox1.Text = string.Empty;
Stopwatch sw = new Stopwatch();
List<Task> taskList = new List<Task>();
sw.Start();
for (int i = 0; i < n; i++)
{
Task t = ReqeustAsync(i);
taskList.Add(t);
}
foreach (Task t in taskList)
{
await t;
}
Log(n + "个异步请求完成,耗时:" + sw.Elapsed.TotalSeconds.ToString("0.000"));
sw.Stop();
}
//测试多线程同步请求
private void button4_Click(object sender, EventArgs e)
{
textBox1.Text = string.Empty;
Task.Run(() =>
{
List<Task> taskList = new List<Task>();
Stopwatch sw = new Stopwatch();
sw.Start();
for (int i = 0; i < n; i++)
{
Task t = Request(i);
taskList.Add(t);
}
Task.WaitAll(taskList.ToArray());
Log(n + "个多线程同步请求完成,耗时:" + sw.Elapsed.TotalSeconds.ToString("0.000"));
sw.Stop();
});
}
}
}
测试结果
性能差9倍!
把WebAPI接口中模拟执行耗时操作改成1000毫秒再测试,测试结果如下:
性能差10倍!
把Form1.cs构造函数中添加一行ThreadPool.SetMinThreads(20, 20);再测:
设置线程池中线程的最小数量为20后,性能差距缩小了,性能只差4倍!为什么?没有设置线程池最小数量时,大约每1秒增加1到2个线程,线程增加速度太慢了,不影响异步性能,异步只需要很少的线程数量,但影响多线程性能。
把Form1.cs构造函数中代码修改成ThreadPool.SetMinThreads(200, 200);再测:
当线程池中线程数量足够多时,性能差不多了!
结论
通过这个形象的例子,你体会到异步的好处了吗?
有人可能会说,你怎么不把WebAPI端改成异步试试?WebAPI端是模拟的操作,在没有外部操作(IO操作、数据库操作等),仅有数据计算时,WebAPI端改成异步没区别。
有一个截图中没有体验出来的,测试过程中,对于异步测试,工作线程和异步线程始终为0,我想异步线程应该是变化的,可能只是变化太快,看不出来。而多线程测试,测试过程中,我们可以看到工作线程的数量是大于0的,维持在一定数量,直到请求完成,也就是说,测试过程中,要占用一定数量的工作线程。
所以结论是什么?
异步在执行耗时请求时,不会占用线程,在线程池中线程数量较少时,异步的性能比多线程好很多,
WebAPI服务端补充说明
上面的测试,服务端我忘了说了,服务端启动服务前,我加了一行代码ThreadPool.SetMinThreads(200, 200);,因为你测试客户端之前,服务端性能要跟上,不然测了个寂寞。
如果我把这行代码删掉,预热后,再测:
可以看到差距只有2.5倍了!因为服务端线程数量此时是1秒增加1、2个线程,服务端性能跟不上,客户端的异步请求自然也快不起来。
附
HttpUtil代码:
using System;
using System.Collections.Generic;
using System.IO;
using System.Linq;
using System.Net;
using System.Text;
using System.Threading;
using System.Threading.Tasks;
namespace Utils
{
/// <summary>
/// Http上传下载文件
/// </summary>
public class HttpUtil
{
/// <summary>
/// HttpGet
/// </summary>
/// <param name="url">url路径名称</param>
/// <param name="cookie">cookie</param>
public static async Task<string> HttpGetAsync(string url, CookieContainer cookie = null, WebHeaderCollection headers = null)
{
// 设置参数
HttpWebRequest request = WebRequest.Create(url) as HttpWebRequest;
request.CookieContainer = cookie;
request.Method = "GET";
request.ContentType = "text/plain;charset=utf-8";
request.Timeout = Timeout.Infinite;
if (headers != null)
{
foreach (string key in headers.Keys)
{
request.Headers.Add(key, headers[key]);
}
}
//发送请求并获取相应回应数据
HttpWebResponse response = (HttpWebResponse)(await request.GetResponseAsync());
//直到request.GetResponse()程序才开始向目标网页发送Post请求
Stream instream = response.GetResponseStream();
StreamReader sr = new StreamReader(instream, Encoding.UTF8);
//返回结果网页(html)代码
string content = await sr.ReadToEndAsync();
instream.Close();
return content;
}
/// <summary>
/// HttpGet
/// </summary>
/// <param name="url">url路径名称</param>
/// <param name="cookie">cookie</param>
public static string HttpGet(string url, CookieContainer cookie = null, WebHeaderCollection headers = null)
{
// 设置参数
HttpWebRequest request = WebRequest.Create(url) as HttpWebRequest;
request.CookieContainer = cookie;
request.Method = "GET";
request.ContentType = "text/plain;charset=utf-8";
request.Timeout = Timeout.Infinite;
if (headers != null)
{
foreach (string key in headers.Keys)
{
request.Headers.Add(key, headers[key]);
}
}
//发送请求并获取相应回应数据
HttpWebResponse response = (HttpWebResponse)request.GetResponse();
//直到request.GetResponse()程序才开始向目标网页发送Post请求
Stream instream = response.GetResponseStream();
StreamReader sr = new StreamReader(instream, Encoding.UTF8);
//返回结果网页(html)代码
string content = sr.ReadToEnd();
instream.Close();
return content;
}
}
}