基于ABP实现DDD–实体创建和更新

  • 2022 年 7 月 24 日
  • 筆記

  本文主要介绍了通过构造函数和领域服务创建实体2种方式,后者多用于在创建实体时需要其它业务规则检测的场景。最后介绍了在应用服务层中如何进行实体的更新操作。

一.通过构造函数创建实体

假如Issue的聚合根类为:

public class Issue : AggregateRoot<Guid>
{
    public Guid RepositoryId { get; private set; } //不能修改RepositoryId,原因是不支持把一个Issue移动到另外一个Repository下面
    public string Title { get; private set; } //不能直接修改Title,可以通过SetTitle()修改,主要是在该方法中要加入对Title不能重复的校验
    public string Text { get; set; } //可以直接修改
    public Guid? AssignedUserId { get; internal set; } //同一个程序集中是可以修改AssignedUserId的
    
    // 公有构造函数
    public Issue(Guid id, Guid repositoryId, string title, string text=null) : base(id)
    {
        RepositoryId = repositoryId;
        Title = Check.NotNullOrWhiteSpace(title, nameof(title));
        Text = text; //可为空或者null
    }
    
    // 私有构造函数
    private Issue() {}

    // 修改Title的方法
    public void SetTitle(string title)
    {
        // Title不能重复
        Title = Check.NotNullOrWhiteSpace(title, nameof(title));
    }
    // ...
}

在应用服务层创建一个Issue的过程如下:

public class IssueAppService : ApplicationService.IIssueAppService
{
    private readonly IssueManager _issueManager; //Issue领域服务
    private readonly IRepository<Issue, Guid> _issueRepository; //Issue仓储
    private readonly IRepository<AppUser, Guid> _userRepository; //User仓储
    
    // 公有构造函数
    public IssueAppService(IssueManager issueManager, IRepository<Issue, Guid> issueRepository, IRepository<AppUser, Guid> userRepository)
    {
        _issueManager = issueManager;
        _issueRepository = issueRepository;
        _userRepository = userRepository;
    }

    // 通过构造函数创建Issue
    public async Task<IssueDto> CreateAssync(IssueCreationDto input)
    {
        var issue = new Issue(GuidGenerator.Create(), input.RepositoryId, input.Title, input.Text);
    }
    
    if(input.AssigneeId.HasValue)
    {
        // 获取分配给Issue的User
        var user = await _userRepository.GetAsync(input.AssigneeId.Value);
        // 通过Issue的领域服务,将Issue分配给User
        await _issueManager.AssignAsync(issue, user);
    }
    
    // 插入和更新Issue
    await _issueRepository.InsertAsync(issue);
    
    // 返回IssueDto
    return ObjectMapper.Map<Issue, IssueDto>(issue);
}

二.通过领域服务创建实体

  什么样的情况下会用领域服务创建实体,而不是通过实体构造函数来创建实体呢?主要用在创建实体时需要其它业务规则检测的场景。比如,在创建Issue的时候,不能创建Title相同的Issue。通过Issue实体构造函数来创建Issue实体,这个是控制不住的。所以才会有通过领域服务创建实体的情况。
阻止从Issue的构造函数来创建Issue实体,需要将其构造函数的访问权限由public修改为internal:

public class Issue : AggregateRoot<Guid>
{
    // ...

    internal Issue(Guid id, Guid repositoryId, string title, string text = null) : base(id)
    {
        RepositoryId = repositoryId;
        Title = Check.NotNullOrEmpty(title, nameof(title));
        Text = text; //允许为空或者null
    }
    
    // ...
}

通过领域服务IssueManager中的CreateAsync()方法来判断创建的Issue的Title是否重复:

public class IssueManager:DomainService
{
    private readonly IRepository<Issue,Guid> _issueRepository; // Issue的仓储
    
    // 公有构造函数,注入仓储
    public IssueManager(IRepository<Issue,Guid> issueRepository)
    {
        _issueRepository=issueRepository;
    }
    
    public async Task<Issue> CreateAsync(Guid repositoryId, string title, string text=null)
    {
        // 判断Issue的Title是否重复
        if(await _issueRepository.AnyAsync(i=>i.Title==title))
        {
            throw new BusinessException("IssueTracking:IssueWithSameTitleExists");
        }
        // 返回创建的Issue实体
        return new Issue(GuidGenerator.Create(), repositoryId, title, text);
    }
}

在应用服务层IssueAppService中通过IssueManager.CreateAsync()创建实体如下:

public class IssueAppService :ApplicationService.IIssueAppService
{
    private readonly IssueManager _issueManager; //Issue的领域服务
    private readonly IRepository<Issue,Guid> _issueRepository; //Issue的仓储
    private readonly IRepository<AppUser,Guid> _userRepository; //User的仓储
    
    // 公共的构造函数,注入所需的依赖
    public IssueAppService(IssueManager issueManager, IRepository<Issue,Guid> issueRepository, IRepository<AppUser,Guid> userRepository){
        _issueManager=issueManager;
        _issueRepository=issueRepository;
        _userRepository=userRepository;
    } 
    
    // 创建一个Issue
    public async Task<IssueDto> CreateAsync(IssueCreationDto input)
    {
        // 通过领域服务的_issueManager.CreateAsync()创建实体,主要是保证Title不重复
        var issue=await _issueManager.CreateAsync(input.RepositoryId, input.Title, input.Text);
        
        // 获取User,并将Issue分配给User
        if(input.AssignedUserId.HasValue)
        {
            var user =await _userRepository.GetAsync(input.AssignedUserId.Value);
            await _issueManager.AssignToAsynce(issue,user);
        }
        // 插入和更新数据库
        await _issueRepository.InsertAsync(issue);
        // 返回IssueDto
        return ObjectMapper.Map<Issue,IssueDto>(issue);
    }
}

// 定义Issue的创建DTO为IssueCreationDto
public class IssueCreationDto
{
    public Guid RepositoryId{get;set;}
    [Required]
    public string Title {get;set;}
    public Guid? AssignedUserId{get;set;}
    public string Text {get;set;}
}

现在有个疑问是为什么不把Title的重复检测放在领域服务层中来做呢,这就涉及一个区分核心领域逻辑还是应用逻辑的问题了。显然这里Title不能重复属于核心领域逻辑,所以放在了领域服务中来处理。为什么标题重复检测不在应⽤服务中实现?详细的解释参考[1]。

三.实体的更新操作

接下来介绍在应用层IssueAppService中来update实体。定义UpdateIssueDto如下:

public class UpdateIssueDto
{
    [Required]
    public string Title {get;set;}
    public string Text{get;set;}
    public Guid? AssignedUserId{get;set;}
}

实体更新操作的UpdateAsync()方法如下所示:

public class IssueAppService :ApplicationService.IIssueAppService
{
    private readonly IssueManager _issueManager; //Issue领域服务
    private readonly IRepository<Issue,Guid> _issueRepository; //Issue仓储
    private readonly IRepository<AppUser,Guid> _userRepository; //User仓储
    
    // 公有构造函数,注入依赖
    public IssueAppService(IssueManager issueManager, IRepository<Issue,Guid> issueRepository, IRepository<AppUser,Guid> userRepository){
        _issueManager=issueManager;
        _issueRepository=issueRepository;
        _userRepository=userRepository;
    }
    
    // 更新Issue
    public async Task<IssueDto> UpdateAsync(Guid id, UpdateIssueDto input)
    {
        // 从Issue仓储中获取Issue实体
        var issue = await _issueRepository.GetAsync(id);
        
        // 通过领域服务的issueManager.ChangeTitleAsync()方法更新Issue的标题
        await _issueManager.ChangeTitleAsync(issue,input.Title);
        
        // 获取User,并将Issue分配给User
        if(input.AssignedUserId.HasValue)
        {
            var user = await _userRepository.GetAsync(input.AssignedUserId.Value);
            await _issueManager.AssignToAsync(issue, user);
        }
        issue.Text=input.Text;
        // 更新和保存Issue
        // 保存实体更改是应用服务方法的职责
        await _issueRepository.UpdateAsync(issue);
        // 返回IssueDto
        return ObjectMapper.Map<Issue,IssueDto>(issue);
    }
}

需要在IssueManager中添加ChangeTitle():

public async Task ChangeTitleAsync(Issue issue,string title)
{
    // Title不变就返回
    if(issue.Title==title)
    {
        return;
    }
    // Title重复就抛出异常
    if(await _issueRepository.AnyAsync(i=>i.Title==title))
    {
        throw new BusinessException("IssueTracking:IssueWithSameTitleExists");
    }
    // 请它情况更新Title
    issue.SetTitle(title);
}

修改Issue类中SetTitle()方法的访问权限为internal:

internal void SetTitle(string title)
{
    Title=Check.NotNullOrWhiteSpace(title,nameof(title));
}

参考文献:
[1]基于ABP Framework实现领域驱动设计://url39.ctfile.com/f/2501739-616007877-f3e258?p=2096 (访问密码: 2096)