Centos7.6下安装Python3.
- 2020 年 1 月 16 日
- 筆記
1.首先来看一下系统版本
[root@python3 ~]# cat /etc/redhat-release CentOS Linux release 7.6.1810 (Core)
2.更新一下yum源
[root@python3 ~]# cd /etc/yum.repos.d/ [root@python3 yum.repos.d]# mkdir bak [root@python3 yum.repos.d]# mv * bak [root@python3 yum.repos.d]# wget http://mirrors.aliyun.com/repo/Centos-7.repo [root@python3 yum.repos.d]# wget http://mirrors.aliyun.com/repo/epel-7.repo
3.安装python3.7之前需要先安装一些依赖，，这也是上面更新yum源的原因
[root@python3 ~]# yum -y install zlib-devel bzip2-devel openssl-devel openssl-static ncurses-devel sqlite-devel readline-devel tk-devel gdbm-devel db4-devel libpcap-devel xz-devel libffi-devel lzma gcc [root@python3 ~]# yum -y groupinstall "Development tools"
不安装也有可能不会报错，但是安装了一定不会报错，安不安装自己把握。
4.下载python3.7安装包，方法很多，我这里直接用wget从官网上下载
[root@python3 ~]# cd /usr/local/src/ [root@python3 src]# wget https://www.python.org/ftp/python/3.7.0/Python-3.7.0.tar.xz
将安装包下载到/usr/local/src/目录下
5.解压&&移动
[root@python3 src]# tar xvf Python-3.7.0.tar.xz [root@python3 src]# mv Python-3.7.0 /usr/local/python-3.7 [root@python3 src]# cd /usr/local/python-3.7/
6.安装&&编译
[root@python3 python-3.7]# ./configure --prefix=/usr/local/sbin/python-3.7
将python3.7安装到/usr/local/sbin/python-3.7目录下
[root@python3 python-3.7]# make && make install
安装完成后，若出现以下两行，说明安装成功；
Installing collected packages: setuptools, pip Successfully installed pip-10.0.1 setuptools-39.0.1
7.安装成功之后就能使用了
[root@python3 python-3.7]# /usr/local/sbin/python-3.7/bin/python3 Python 3.7.0 (default, Mar 15 2019, 00:44:37) [GCC 4.8.5 20150623 (Red Hat 4.8.5-36)] on linux Type "help", "copyright", "credits" or "license" for more information. >>> 【此处退出的命令 exit()】 虽然能用了，但是命令较长使用起来并不方便,we konw 系统本身是带的有python的，看一下版本
[root@python3 ~]# python -V
Python 2.7.5
8.看一下python命令的绝对路径
[root@python3 ~]# which python /usr/bin/python [root@python3 ~]# ll /usr/bin/ |grep python -rwxr-xr-x. 1 root root 11312 Nov 14 00:00 abrt-action-analyze-python lrwxrwxrwx. 1 root root 7 Mar 14 18:19 python -> python2 lrwxrwxrwx. 1 root root 9 Mar 14 18:19 python2 -> python2.7 -rwxr-xr-x. 1 root root 7216 Oct 31 07:46 python2.7
可以看到python命令是通过软链接连接到python2.7的，现在安装了python3.7，可以将python命令做一个软链接链接到python3
9.将python命令通过软链接指向到python3命令（就是上面那一大串/usr/local/sbin/python-3.7/bin/python3）
[root@python3 ~]# rm -rf /usr/bin/python [root@python3 ~]# ln -sv /usr/local/sbin/python-3.7/bin/python3 /usr/bin/python ‘/usr/bin/python’ -> ‘/usr/local/sbin/python-3.7/bin/python3’ [root@python3 ~]# ll /usr/bin/ |grep python -rwxr-xr-x. 1 root root 11312 Nov 14 00:00 abrt-action-analyze-python lrwxrwxrwx. 1 root root 38 Mar 14 19:24 python -> /usr/local/sbin/python-3.7/bin/python3 lrwxrwxrwx. 1 root root 9 Mar 14 18:19 python2 -> python2.7 -rwxr-xr-x. 1 root root 7216 Oct 31 07:46 python2.7
10.查看现在的默认版本
[root@python3 ~]# python -V Python 3.7.0
11.修改完python默认版本之后，会存不能执行yum命令，需要做一些修改，如下：
①将/usr/bin/yum的顶部的： !/usr/bin/python 改成 !/usr/bin/python2.7 ②将/usr/libexec/urlgrabber-ext-down的顶部的： /usr/bin/python 改为 /usr/bin/python2.7 ③将/usr/bin/yum-config-manager的顶部的 #!/usr/bin/python 改为 #!/usr/bin/python2.7
12.最后将pip指向到python3.7
[root@python3 ~]# ln -s /usr/local/sbin/python-3.7/bin/pip3 /usr/bin/pip [root@python3 ~]# pip --version pip 10.0.1 from /usr/local/sbin/python-3.7/lib/python3.7/site-packages/pip (python 3.7)
