httprunner3.x全网最详细教程
- 2022 年 1 月 10 日
- 筆記
- python接口自动化
一、所需环境
- wiindows10以上
- python3.6以上
- httprunner3.1.6(最新版本)
- pycharm社区版
二、安装httprunner
1、卸载旧版本
卸载之前版本的命令为:pip3 uninstall httprunner
2、安装新版本
默认安装方式:
pip3 install httprunner
以这种方式是默认安装最新版本的,并且是从国外服务器下载,但是偶尔会出现报错或者超时的情况,因此一般采用国内镜像安装,这里采用国内豆瓣源镜像安装。
一般安装命令:
pip3 install httprunner==3.1.6 -i //pypi.douban.com/simple
此种方式是指定安装版本和安装源
安装完成后如下显示,表示安装成功
点击查看代码
C:\Users\fsy>pip3 install httprunner==3.1.6 -i //pypi.douban.com/simple
Looking in indexes: //pypi.douban.com/simple
Collecting httprunner==3.1.6
Downloading //pypi.doubanio.com/packages/e4/2f/25011310f2f13f55de18845435f62b0ae16fbb69500885c268705ef42ee2/httprunner-3.1.6-py3-none-any.whl (60 kB)
|████████████████████████████████| 60 kB 549 kB/s
Collecting requests<3.0.0,>=2.22.0
Downloading //pypi.doubanio.com/packages/2d/61/08076519c80041bc0ffa1a8af0cbd3bf3e2b62af10435d269a9d0f40564d/requests-2.27.1-py2.py3-none-any.whl (63 kB)
|████████████████████████████████| 63 kB 584 kB/s
Collecting jmespath<0.10.0,>=0.9.5
Downloading //pypi.doubanio.com/packages/a3/43/1e939e1fcd87b827fe192d0c9fc25b48c5b3368902bfb913de7754b0dc03/jmespath-0.9.5-py2.py3-none-any.whl (24 kB)
Collecting pytest<6.0.0,>=5.4.2
Downloading //pypi.doubanio.com/packages/9f/f3/0a83558da436a081344aa6c8b85ea5b5f05071214106036ce341b7769b0b/pytest-5.4.3-py3-none-any.whl (248 kB)
|████████████████████████████████| 248 kB 819 kB/s
Collecting sentry-sdk<0.15.0,>=0.14.4
Downloading //pypi.doubanio.com/packages/1b/95/9a20eebcedab2c1c63fad59fe19a0469edfc2a25b8576497e8084629c2ff/sentry_sdk-0.14.4-py2.py3-none-any.whl (104 kB)
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Collecting black<20.0,>=19.10b0
Downloading //pypi.doubanio.com/packages/fd/bb/ad34bbc93d1bea3de086d7c59e528d4a503ac8fe318bd1fa48605584c3d2/black-19.10b0-py36-none-any.whl (97 kB)
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Collecting pytest-html<3.0.0,>=2.1.1
Downloading //pypi.doubanio.com/packages/00/a7/34f195c514d39b4453619b3eb284989e5adb09a2a68ac09ce3779f9b9478/pytest_html-2.1.1-py2.py3-none-any.whl (16 kB)
Collecting pyyaml<6.0.0,>=5.1.2
Downloading //pypi.doubanio.com/packages/97/d3/24097209f6af04fcdbb40500480a0feaa62164e60bca4c9532f0e9354e47/PyYAML-5.4.1-cp38-cp38-win_amd64.whl (213 kB)
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Collecting loguru<0.5.0,>=0.4.1
Downloading //pypi.doubanio.com/packages/b2/f4/2c8b94025c6e30bdb331c7ee628dc152771845aedff35f0365c2a4dacd42/loguru-0.4.1-py3-none-any.whl (54 kB)
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Collecting jinja2<3.0.0,>=2.10.3
Downloading //pypi.doubanio.com/packages/7e/c2/1eece8c95ddbc9b1aeb64f5783a9e07a286de42191b7204d67b7496ddf35/Jinja2-2.11.3-py2.py3-none-any.whl (125 kB)
|████████████████████████████████| 125 kB 819 kB/s
Collecting pydantic<2.0,>=1.4
Downloading //pypi.doubanio.com/packages/5f/ca/ec4b2597b7ace79a05300a2e7eff8713b55745312b2acc89f74bf73f8dfc/pydantic-1.9.0-cp38-cp38-win_amd64.whl (2.1 MB)
|████████████████████████████████| 2.1 MB 1.3 MB/s
Collecting Brotli<2.0.0,>=1.0.9
Downloading //pypi.doubanio.com/packages/63/29/1b104b5915e61d9f7443889657d93937b7e0b33b331609b82693547934a0/Brotli-1.0.9-cp38-cp38-win_amd64.whl (365 kB)
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Collecting attrs>=18.1.0
Downloading //pypi.doubanio.com/packages/be/be/7abce643bfdf8ca01c48afa2ddf8308c2308b0c3b239a44e57d020afa0ef/attrs-21.4.0-py2.py3-none-any.whl (60 kB)
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Collecting typed-ast>=1.4.0
Downloading //pypi.doubanio.com/packages/93/6a/1b01a1864854fd6ed63e0e0649a9c1e4ef1425e417c43e7b09c0e4e7fdac/typed_ast-1.5.1-cp38-cp38-win_amd64.whl (164 kB)
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Collecting click>=6.5
Downloading //pypi.doubanio.com/packages/48/58/c8aa6a8e62cc75f39fee1092c45d6b6ba684122697d7ce7d53f64f98a129/click-8.0.3-py3-none-any.whl (97 kB)
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Collecting appdirs
Downloading //pypi.doubanio.com/packages/3b/00/2344469e2084fb287c2e0b57b72910309874c3245463acd6cf5e3db69324/appdirs-1.4.4-py2.py3-none-any.whl (9.6 kB)
Collecting regex
Downloading //pypi.doubanio.com/packages/e2/b1/b1d30513d3638e1e48cdfa5857a0e9c92ec7d19c0641836d0b49c4d00cac/regex-2021.11.10-cp38-cp38-win_amd64.whl (273 kB)
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Collecting toml>=0.9.4
Downloading //pypi.doubanio.com/packages/44/6f/7120676b6d73228c96e17f1f794d8ab046fc910d781c8d151120c3f1569e/toml-0.10.2-py2.py3-none-any.whl (16 kB)
Collecting pathspec<1,>=0.6
Downloading //pypi.doubanio.com/packages/42/ba/a9d64c7bcbc7e3e8e5f93a52721b377e994c22d16196e2b0f1236774353a/pathspec-0.9.0-py2.py3-none-any.whl (31 kB)
Collecting colorama
Downloading //pypi.doubanio.com/packages/44/98/5b86278fbbf250d239ae0ecb724f8572af1c91f4a11edf4d36a206189440/colorama-0.4.4-py2.py3-none-any.whl (16 kB)
Collecting MarkupSafe>=0.23
Downloading //pypi.doubanio.com/packages/30/9e/4b7116f464a0151b86ce42b5185941eb74c207b38fe033f71f5e5d150356/MarkupSafe-2.0.1-cp38-cp38-win_amd64.whl (14 kB)
Collecting win32-setctime>=1.0.0
Downloading //pypi.doubanio.com/packages/37/6a/a498698d31626f32eae2c3bd1f1c303c6b3d54589b2993e9e05a4cd513dd/win32_setctime-1.0.4-py3-none-any.whl (3.5 kB)
Collecting typing-extensions>=3.7.4.3
Downloading //pypi.doubanio.com/packages/05/e4/baf0031e39cf545f0c9edd5b1a2ea12609b7fcba2d58e118b11753d68cf0/typing_extensions-4.0.1-py3-none-any.whl (22 kB)
Collecting wcwidth
Downloading //pypi.doubanio.com/packages/59/7c/e39aca596badaf1b78e8f547c807b04dae603a433d3e7a7e04d67f2ef3e5/wcwidth-0.2.5-py2.py3-none-any.whl (30 kB)
Collecting pluggy<1.0,>=0.12
Downloading //pypi.doubanio.com/packages/a0/28/85c7aa31b80d150b772fbe4a229487bc6644da9ccb7e427dd8cc60cb8a62/pluggy-0.13.1-py2.py3-none-any.whl (18 kB)
Collecting atomicwrites>=1.0
Downloading //pypi.doubanio.com/packages/2c/a0/da5f49008ec6e9a658dbf5d7310a4debd397bce0b4db03cf8a410066bb87/atomicwrites-1.4.0-py2.py3-none-any.whl (6.8 kB)
Collecting packaging
Downloading //pypi.doubanio.com/packages/05/8e/8de486cbd03baba4deef4142bd643a3e7bbe954a784dc1bb17142572d127/packaging-21.3-py3-none-any.whl (40 kB)
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Collecting more-itertools>=4.0.0
Downloading //pypi.doubanio.com/packages/e5/c3/48e2c81038f57e8caab9a6e6fb6c2fc23536c59b092abefc447e6b5d1903/more_itertools-8.12.0-py3-none-any.whl (54 kB)
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Collecting py>=1.5.0
Downloading //pypi.doubanio.com/packages/f6/f0/10642828a8dfb741e5f3fbaac830550a518a775c7fff6f04a007259b0548/py-1.11.0-py2.py3-none-any.whl (98 kB)
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Collecting pytest-metadata
Using cached //pypi.doubanio.com/packages/e5/12/bfb677aad996cc994efb9c61289a4994d60079587e85155738859fd3b68e/pytest_metadata-1.11.0-py2.py3-none-any.whl (10 kB)
Collecting idna<4,>=2.5
Downloading //pypi.doubanio.com/packages/04/a2/d918dcd22354d8958fe113e1a3630137e0fc8b44859ade3063982eacd2a4/idna-3.3-py3-none-any.whl (61 kB)
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Collecting urllib3<1.27,>=1.21.1
Downloading //pypi.doubanio.com/packages/4e/b8/f5a25b22e803f0578e668daa33ba3701bb37858ec80e08a150bd7d2cf1b1/urllib3-1.26.8-py2.py3-none-any.whl (138 kB)
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Collecting charset-normalizer~=2.0.0
Downloading //pypi.doubanio.com/packages/84/3e/1037abe6498e65d645ce7a22d3402605d49a3b2c7f20c3abb027760da4f0/charset_normalizer-2.0.10-py3-none-any.whl (39 kB)
Collecting certifi>=2017.4.17
Downloading //pypi.doubanio.com/packages/37/45/946c02767aabb873146011e665728b680884cd8fe70dde973c640e45b775/certifi-2021.10.8-py2.py3-none-any.whl (149 kB)
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Collecting pyparsing!=3.0.5,>=2.0.2
Downloading //pypi.doubanio.com/packages/a0/34/895006117f6fce0b4de045c87e154ee4a20c68ec0a4c9a36d900888fb6bc/pyparsing-3.0.6-py3-none-any.whl (97 kB)
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Installing collected packages: pyparsing, wcwidth, py, pluggy, packaging, more-itertools, colorama, attrs, atomicwrites, pytest, win32-setctime, urllib3, typing-extensions, typed-ast, toml, regex, pytest-metadata, pathspec, MarkupSafe, idna, click, charset-normalizer, certifi, appdirs, sentry-sdk, requests, pyyaml, pytest-html, pydantic, loguru, jmespath, jinja2, Brotli, black, httprunner
Successfully installed Brotli-1.0.9 MarkupSafe-2.0.1 appdirs-1.4.4 atomicwrites-1.4.0 attrs-21.4.0 black-19.10b0 certifi-2021.10.8 charset-normalizer-2.0.10 click-8.0.3 colorama-0.4.4 httprunner-3.1.6 idna-3.3 jinja2-2.11.3 jmespath-0.9.5 loguru-0.4.1 more-itertools-8.12.0 packaging-21.3 pathspec-0.9.0 pluggy-0.13.1 py-1.11.0 pydantic-1.9.0 pyparsing-3.0.6 pytest-5.4.3 pytest-html-2.1.1 pytest-metadata-1.11.0 pyyaml-5.4.1 regex-2021.11.10 requests-2.27.1 sentry-sdk-0.14.4 toml-0.10.2 typed-ast-1.5.1 typing-extensions-4.0.1 urllib3-1.26.8 wcwidth-0.2.5 win32-setctime-1.0.4
3、查看版本号
用hrun
命令查看安装的httprunner版本号,或者用命令httprunner
,效果是一样的
C:\Users\fsy>hrun -V
3.1.6
C:\Users\fsy>httprunner -V
3.1.6
至此,httprunner已经安装成功,安装成功后,httprunner会自动生成几个重要的命令,通过-h
查看命令
C:\Users\fsy>httprunner -h
usage: httprunner [-h] [-V] {run,startproject,har2case,make} ...
One-stop solution for HTTP(S) testing.
positional arguments:
{run,startproject,har2case,make}
sub-command help
run Make HttpRunner testcases and run with pytest.
startproject Create a new project with template structure.
har2case Convert HAR(HTTP Archive) to YAML/JSON testcases for HttpRunner.
make Convert YAML/JSON testcases to pytest cases.
optional arguments:
-h, --help show this help message and exit
-V, --version show version
可以看到生成了4个命令,分别是
run
:运行测试用例的命令startproject
:创建测试模板项目的命令har2case
:将fiddler或者charles导出的文件转化成py文件的命令make
:将yaml文件的测试用例或者json文件的测试用例转化成pytest测试用例
三、创建项目
1、用命令startproject
创建一个模板项目,进入到对应的目录下面,执行命令
D:\httprunnerStudy>httprunner startproject httprunner_demo
2022-01-09 13:25:30.189 | INFO | httprunner.scaffold:create_scaffold:43 - Create new project: httprunner_demo
Project Root Dir: D:\httprunnerStudy\httprunner_demo
created folder: httprunner_demo
created folder: httprunner_demo\har
created folder: httprunner_demo\testcases
created folder: httprunner_demo\reports
created file: httprunner_demo\testcases\demo_testcase_request.yml
created file: httprunner_demo\testcases\demo_testcase_ref.yml
created file: httprunner_demo\debugtalk.py
created file: httprunner_demo\.env
created file: httprunner_demo\.gitignore
$ tree httprunner_demo -a
2022-01-09 13:25:30.205 | WARNING | httprunner.scaffold:show_tree:29 - tree command not exists, ignore.
Sentry is attempting to send 0 pending error messages
Waiting up to 2 seconds
Press Ctrl-Break to quit
从日志信息可以看到已经成功创建了一个项目,通过pycahrm打开创建的项目,看到项目结构如下
其中包含两个yml文件,这两个yml文件是官方给的示例,实际使用的时候可以删除掉,执行其中一个yml测试用例
D:\httprunnerStudy> hrun D:\httprunnerStudy\httprunner_demo\testcases\demo_testcase_ref.yml
2022-01-09 13:31:48.546 | INFO | httprunner.make:__make:512 - make path: D:\httprunnerStudy\httprunner_demo\testcases\demo_testcase_ref.yml
2022-01-09 13:31:48.556 | INFO | httprunner.compat:ensure_testcase_v3:219 - ensure compatibility with testcase format v2
2022-01-09 13:31:48.561 | INFO | httprunner.loader:load_dot_env_file:127 - Loading environment variables from D:\httprunnerStudy\httprunner_demo\.env
2022-01-09 13:31:48.566 | DEBUG | httprunner.utils:set_os_environ:33 - Set OS environment variable: USERNAME
2022-01-09 13:31:48.566 | DEBUG | httprunner.utils:set_os_environ:33 - Set OS environment variable: PASSWORD
2022-01-09 13:31:48.566 | INFO | httprunner.make:make_testcase:349 - start to make testcase: D:\httprunnerStudy\httprunner_demo\testcases\demo_testcase_ref.yml
2022-01-09 13:31:48.586 | INFO | httprunner.compat:ensure_testcase_v3:219 - ensure compatibility with testcase format v2
2022-01-09 13:31:48.586 | INFO | httprunner.make:make_testcase:349 - start to make testcase: D:\httprunnerStudy\httprunner_demo\testcases\demo_testcase_request.yml
2022-01-09 13:31:48.586 | INFO | httprunner.make:make_testcase:442 - generated testcase: D:\httprunnerStudy\httprunner_demo\testcases\demo_testcase_request_test.py
2022-01-09 13:31:48.596 | INFO | httprunner.make:make_testcase:442 - generated testcase: D:\httprunnerStudy\httprunner_demo\testcases\demo_testcas2022-01-09 13:31:48.596 | INFO | httprunner.make:format_pytest_with_black:170 - format pytest cases with black ...
reformatted D:\httprunnerStudy\httprunner_demo\testcases\demo_testcase_ref_test.py
reformatted D:\httprunnerStudy\httprunner_demo\testcases\demo_testcase_request_test.py
All done! ✨ 🍰 ✨
2 files reformatted.
2022-01-09 13:31:50.116 | INFO | httprunner.cli:main_run:56 - start to run tests with pytest. HttpRunner version: 3.1.6
================================================================ test session starts ================================================================
platform win32 -- Python 3.8.10, pytest-5.4.3, py-1.11.0, pluggy-0.13.1
rootdir: D:\httprunnerStudy
plugins: html-2.1.1, metadata-1.11.0
collected 1 item
httprunner_demo\testcases\demo_testcase_ref_test.py . [100%]
================================================================= 1 passed in 2.46s =================================================================
从日志最后可以看到该用例执行成功,如果想要2个用例一起执行,则执行命令hrun run testcases
,如下看到已经执行成功
D:\httprunnerStudy\httprunner_demo> httprunner run testcases
2022-01-09 13:36:28.756 | INFO | httprunner.make:__make:512 - make path: D:\httprunnerStudy\httprunner_demo\testcases
2022-01-09 13:36:28.772 | INFO | httprunner.compat:ensure_testcase_v3:219 - ensure compatibility with testcase format v2
2022-01-09 13:36:28.772 | INFO | httprunner.loader:load_dot_env_file:127 - Loading environment variables from D:\httprunnerStudy\httprunner_demo\.env
2022-01-09 13:36:28.772 | DEBUG | httprunner.utils:set_os_environ:33 - Set OS environment variable: USERNAME
2022-01-09 13:36:28.772 | DEBUG | httprunner.utils:set_os_environ:33 - Set OS environment variable: PASSWORD
2022-01-09 13:36:28.772 | INFO | httprunner.make:make_testcase:349 - start to make testcase: D:\httprunnerStudy\httprunner_demo\testcases\demo_testcase_ref.yml
2022-01-09 13:36:28.788 | INFO | httprunner.compat:ensure_testcase_v3:219 - ensure compatibility with testcase format v2
2022-01-09 13:36:28.788 | INFO | httprunner.make:make_testcase:349 - start to make testcase: D:\httprunnerStudy\httprunner_demo\testcases\demo_testcase_request.yml
2022-01-09 13:36:28.788 | INFO | httprunner.make:make_testcase:442 - generated testcase: D:\httprunnerStudy\httprunner_demo\testcases\demo_testcase_request_test.py
2022-01-09 13:36:28.803 | INFO | httprunner.make:make_testcase:442 - generated testcase: D:\httprunnerStudy\httprunner_demo\testcases\demo_testcase_ref_test.py
2022-01-09 13:36:28.803 | INFO | httprunner.compat:ensure_testcase_v3:219 - ensure compatibility with testcase format v2
2022-01-09 13:36:28.803 | INFO | httprunner.make:make_testcase:349 - start to make testcase: D:\httprunnerStudy\httprunner_demo\testcases\demo_testcase_request.yml
2022-01-09 13:36:28.819 | INFO | httprunner.make:format_pytest_with_black:170 - format pytest cases with black ...
reformatted D:\httprunnerStudy\httprunner_demo\testcases\demo_testcase_ref_test.py
reformatted D:\httprunnerStudy\httprunner_demo\testcases\demo_testcase_request_test.py
All done! ✨ 🍰 ✨
2 files reformatted.
2022-01-09 13:36:30.000 | INFO | httprunner.cli:main_run:56 - start to run tests with pytest. HttpRunner version: 3.1.6
================================================================ test session starts ================================================================
platform win32 -- Python 3.8.10, pytest-5.4.3, py-1.11.0, pluggy-0.13.1
rootdir: D:\httprunnerStudy\httprunner_demo
plugins: html-2.1.1, metadata-1.11.0
collected 2 items
testcases\demo_testcase_request_test.py . [ 50%]
testcases\demo_testcase_ref_test.py . [100%]
================================================================= 2 passed in 4.00s =================================================================
这里我这里的项目根目录,和上面有所不同,如果目录和上面一样,需要在testcases目录前面加上httprunnerStudy,否则执行的时候找不到测试用例
四、测试用例
在httprunner项目结构中,测试用例直接写在testcases包下面,无论是单个请求,还是多个有依赖的请求,都写在这个包下面的yml文件中,一个yml文件代表一条测试用例
1、测试用例的属性
在yml文件中,也就是我们的测试用例,必须具有2个类属性,分别是config
和teststeps
,其中config
包含以下属性
属性名称 | 是否必填 | 作用 |
---|---|---|
name | 必填 | 指定测试用例名称,测试用例名称将显示在执行日志和测试报告中 |
base_url | 选填 | 如果base_url指定,则teststep中的url可以设置成相对路径 |
verify | 选填 | https请求时是否检验证书,默认为true,如果设置成False,则表示忽略证书 |
variables | 选填 | 指定测试用例的公共变量,每个测试步骤都可以引用该变量 |
export | 选填 | 导出的测试用例会话变量,把变量暴露出来,设置成全局变量 |
teststeps
中包含以下属性
属性名称 | 是否必填 | 作用 |
---|---|---|
name | 必填 | 指定测试步骤名称 |
request | 必填 | 发送请求的参数,参数引用变量“$变量名” |
variables | 选填 | 指定测试步骤变量,参数引用变量“$变量名” |
extract | 选填 | 提取返回结果 |
export | 选填 | 导出测试用例变量,设置成全局变量 |
validate | 选填 | 校验返回结果 |
2、实际应用
以登录接口为例:登录地址://49.235.92.12:8201/api/v1/login
,用户名:test
,密码123456
- 在testcases包下面新建login.yml文件
- 在yml文件中填写以下信息
config:
name: 登录用例
teststeps:
- name: 登录
request:
url: //49.235.92.12:8201/api/v1/login
method: POST # POST必须大写,这是约定
json:
username: test
password: "123456" # 123456如果不加引号,则表示的是int类型,但是实际需要的是str类型
validate:
- eq: [status_code,200]
- eq: [body.msg,login success!]
- 在pycharm的terminal控制台中执行命令:
hrun testcases/login.yml
,看到控制台信息:
D:\httprunnerStudy\httprunner_demo> hrun testcases/login.yml
2022-01-09 16:16:58.932 | INFO | httprunner.make:__make:512 - make path: D:\httprunnerStudy\httprunner_demo\testcases\login.yml
2022-01-09 16:16:58.937 | INFO | httprunner.compat:ensure_testcase_v3:219 - ensure compatibility with testcase format v2
2022-01-09 16:16:58.939 | INFO | httprunner.loader:load_dot_env_file:127 - Loading environment variables from D:\httprunnerStudy\httprunner_demo\.env
2022-01-09 16:16:58.941 | DEBUG | httprunner.utils:set_os_environ:33 - Set OS environment variable: USERNAME
2022-01-09 16:16:58.942 | DEBUG | httprunner.utils:set_os_environ:33 - Set OS environment variable: PASSWORD
2022-01-09 16:16:58.945 | INFO | httprunner.make:make_testcase:349 - start to make testcase: D:\httprunnerStudy\httprunner_demo\testcases\login.yml
2022-01-09 16:16:58.948 | INFO | httprunner.make:make_testcase:442 - generated testcase: D:\httprunnerStudy\httprunner_demo\testcases\login_test.p
================================================================= 1 passed in 0.52s =================================================================
上面日志表示该接口执行成功
3、request请求
request请求在python中最常用的就是post方式和get方式,在post请求中,如果请求头是Content-Type:application/json
格式的话,post请求参数传json,如果请求头是application/x-www-from-urlencoded
,post请求参数传data,详细参考request请求库
4、base_url
- 为什么会有base_uel?因为在我们测试中,会有多套测试环境,每套环境中除了服务器的地址不一样以外,其他都是一样的,服务器的地址就是我们的base_url,因此需要把服务器地址提取出来单独管理,这样以来,测试环境切换的时候,只需要修改base_url的值,接口中涉及引用到base_url的地方就全改过来了
- base_url写在yml文件中的哪里呢?实际上在yml文件中,base_url应该写在config属性下面,和name属于同一级,例如:
config:
name: 获取商品
base_url: //49.235.92.12:8201
teststeps:
- name: goods
request:
url: /api/v1/goods
method: GET
params:
page: 1
size: 2
validate:
- eq: [status_code,200]
- eq: [body.code,0]
- 在config中写了base_url后,在teststeps中的url只需要写接口的路径地址接口,httprunner会将base_url和url拼接起来作为完整的地址发送出去
- 如果在base_url配置后,在测试步骤中的url写接口的绝对路径,是否会报错了?答案是否定的,因为httprunner在请求的时候,会遵从就近原则取url的地址,如果测试步骤中的地址是正确的地址,httprunner就会直接请求
5、变量的声明与应用
在yml文件中的两个属性中都有变量variables,其中在config中的变量对整个yml文件都有效,而teststeps中的变量只对当前step有效,可以理解为一个是全局变量,一个是局部变量,优先级是局部变量大于全局变量
6、validate校验
在httprunner的validate中,列表内部实际上能传3个参数, 第一个参数是jmespath表达式,也就是实际结果,第二个参数是期望结果,第三个参数是message,表示断言的错误原因,其中第一个参数和第二个参数是必传的,第三个参数可以不传
httprunner发送请求后,会返回四个对象,分别是:
- status_code:状态码
- headers:头部信息
- cookies:cookie信息
- body:返回的body内容
如果要校验返回头部的信息,则可以用headers.xxx等获取,如果要校验返回响应体的内容,则用body.xxx,如body.msg
7、参数关联
什么是参数关联?上一个接口返回的参数在下一个接口中需要用到,这就是参数关联,而且该参数是动态变化的。参数关联涉及两个点,一是提取变量,用extract
,而是引用变量,引用变量和其他引用方式一样,$变量名。
点击查看代码
config:
name: 登录用例
base_url: //49.235.92.12:8201
variables:
user: test
teststeps:
- name: 登录
request:
url: /api/v1/login
method: POST # POST必须大写
json:
username: $user
password: "123456" # 123456如果不加引号,则表示的是int类型,但是实际需要的是str类型
extract:
token: body.token
validate:
- eq: [status_code,200]
- eq: [body.msg,login success!]
- name: 获取用户信息
request:
url: /api/v1/userinfo
method: POST
headers:
Authorization: Token $token
json:
name: $user
sex: M
age: 18
mail: [email protected]
validate:
- eq: [status_code,200]
- eq: [body.code,0]
上述代码关联是在一个yml文件中,而一个yml文件对应一个用例,如果需要在不同的yml文件中关联怎么处理呢?只需要将关联的值导出来即可,在config属性下面添加export
,并设置导出后的变量
具体做法:有2个yml文件,一个是login.yml,另一个是userinfo.yml,很显然后一个文件需要依赖登录返回的token,需要在login.yml文件的config中写上上图信息,在userinfo.yml文件中的teststeps中有2个测试步骤,第一个测试步骤是登录,而登录在另一个文件中,所以需要在第一步中引用login.yml,一个yml文件引用另一个yml文件用到关键字testcase
,然后第二步才是userinfo
login.yml代码:
点击查看代码
config:
name: 登录用例
base_url: //49.235.92.12:8201
variables:
user: test
export:
- token
teststeps:
- name: 登录
request:
url: /api/v1/login
method: POST # POST必须大写
json:
username: $user
password: "123456" # 123456如果不加引号,则表示的是int类型,但是实际需要的是str类型
extract:
token: body.token
validate:
- eq: [status_code,200]
- eq: [body.msg,login success!]
userinfo.yml代码:
点击查看代码
config:
name: 获取商品
base_url: //49.235.92.12:8201
teststeps:
- name: 步骤1:登录
testcase: testcases/login.yml
- name: 获取用户信息
request:
url: /api/v1/userinfo
method: POST
headers:
Authorization: Token $token
json:
name: test
sex: M
age: 18
mail: [email protected]
validate:
- eq: [status_code,200]
- eq: [body.code,0]
8、环境变量
在项目的根目录中,有一个.env
文件,该文件就是存放项目的环境变量,在该文件中变量的存放形式是k=v
,一般存放的账号,密码,环境地址等等
那么如何环境变量呢?在yml文件中引用环境变量${ENV(变量名)}
即可
9、参数化
在httprunner3版本中,实现参数化是在config中,参数化实现的方式有3中
方式一: (适用数据量比较少的情况)
在config属性下面添加关键字parameters
实现参数化,然后指定user变量,具体变量写在[]
中
这是单个变量参数化的,如果多个参数参数化了,比如账号密码都要参数化,该怎么做呢?实际上多个参数化也是用parameters
关键字。变量名用-
链接起来,参数的所有组合方式展示在列表中即可,一行代表一种情况
parameters:
user-password:
- [test1,"123456"]
- [test2,"123456"]
- [test3,"123456"]
- [test4,"123456"]
还可以用如下形式表示,笛卡尔积形式
parameters:
user: [test1,test2,test3,test4]
password: ["13578","246810","123456","456789"]
方式二:(适用数据量大的情况)
引用CSV文件进行参数化,在项目根目录下新建目录data
,在data目录下新建一个csv文件,在csv文件里存放需要的参数化数据,csv文件的参数化数据用逗号分隔,csv第一行写参数名称
那么csv文件如何引用呢,只需要在paramaters关键字下面用P函数写上csv文件路径即可,路径一定是从项目的根目录查找
parameters:
user-password:${P(data/para.csv)}
方式三:(适用比较灵活的参数)
该种方式是在项目根目录下的debugtalk.py
文件中写python函数来实现的,单个参数的实现:
def get_user():
return ["test1", "test2", "test3", "test4"]
如何引用呢?只需要在parameters
关键字下面的user后面写上${get_user()}
即可
多个参数的情况,python脚本为:
def get_user_pwd(m):
account = []
for i in range(1, m):
account.append({"user": "test%s" % i, "pwd": 123456})
return account
引用形式为:
parameters:
user-password:${get_user_pwd(9)}
在debugtalk.py中参数化多于2个的时候返回值需要用字典的形式,变量名作为key,变量值作为value
10、hook机制
hook机制就是执行用例的前置步骤和后置步骤,在pytest中一般用setup和teardown来表示,在httprunner中,需要把前置函数和后置函数写在debugtalk.py中,然后在测试步骤teststeps中用关键字setup_hooks
和teardown_hooks
来引用
11、文件上传
文件上传在httprunner中使用的是关键字upload
来实现,upload下面有几个参数根据实际情况来处理,这里只有2个,代码如下:
config:
name: 文件上传
base_url: //49.235.92.12:8201
teststeps:
- name: 上传文件
request:
url: /api/v1/upfile/
method: POST
upload:
file: data/QQ20220109214618.png
title: faith
但是我在运行的时候报错
根据提示执行命令:pip3 install requests_toolbelt filetype
,之后再次运行该用例,执行成功
五、数据库链接
1、数据库链接
链接数据库需要驱动,首先得安装驱动,在cmd命令行中执行命令:pip3 install PyMySQL
,默认安装最新的
C:\Users\fsy>pip3 install PyMySQL
Collecting PyMySQL
Downloading PyMySQL-1.0.2-py3-none-any.whl (43 kB)
|████████████████████████████████| 43 kB 28 kB/s
Installing collected packages: PyMySQL
Successfully installed PyMySQL-1.0.2
安装成功后,在项目根目录下新建目录utils
,新建一个python文件,用于链接数据库操作
import pymysql
class MysqlHelper:
# 初始化数据库信息
def __init__(self, host, username, password, db, charset='utf8', port=3306):
self.host = host
self.username = username
self.password = password
self.db = db
self.charset = charset
self.port = port
# 数据库连接
def connect(self):
self.conn = pymysql.connect(host=self.host, port=self.port, user=self.username, password=self.password,
db=self.db, charset=self.charset, cursorclass=pymysql.cursors.DictCursor)
self.cursor = self.conn.cursor()
# 查询单条数据
def get_one(self, sql, params=()):
result = None
try:
self.connect()
self.cursor.execute(sql, params)
result = self.cursor.fetchone()
self.close()
except Exception as e:
print(e)
return result
# 查询多条数据
def get_all(self, sql, params=()):
list_data = ()
try:
self.connect()
self.cursor.execute(sql, params)
list_data = self.cursor.fetchall()
self.close()
except Exception as e:
print(e)
return list_data
def execute(self, sql, params=()):
# SQL删除、提交、修改语句
try:
self.cursor.execute(sql, params) # 执行SQL语句
self.db.commit() # 提交修改
except Exception as e:
# 发生错误时回滚
print(e)
self.db.rollback()
# 关闭连接
def close(self):
self.cursor.close()
self.conn.close()
2、数据库校验结果
在debugtalk.py文件中写入函数调用数据库查询,查询出来数据后,取出要校验的字段,然后返回出去,最后在校验字段的时候引用改函数来判断
六、jmespath
jmespath是用来提取json表达式的值,官网地址://jmespath.org/tutorial.html
分为以下几种情况
-
最简单的json格式,如`{“a”: “foo”, “b”: “bar”, “c”: “baz”},这种方式取值直接输入key值即可
-
json嵌套形式的取值,如
{"a": {"b": {"c": {"d": "value"}}}}
,这种方式取值按照python字典取值的方式即可
-
列表取值,如
["a", "b", "c", "d", "e", "f"]
,按照python列表的取值方式即可
-
字典和列表相互嵌套的时候取值,就是将字典取值和列表取值结合起来
-
切片取值和python里面的切片取值一样的
-
用
*
取值
-
按条件取值
-
|
管道符过滤取值
七、编写pytest用例
1、为什么要写pytest用例
因为httprunner底层用的就是pytest,所以httprunner支持pytest编写的用例,编写pytest用例需要满足以下条件:
- 文件名必须以test_.py文件或者_test.py文件
- 测试用例函数必须以test_开头
- 类是以Test开头的,不能带有__init__方法
- 所有的包必须有__init__.py文件
2、pytest用例的属性
一个pytest用例就是一个python类,这个类中有两个属性,分别是config
和teststeps
,只是把yml文件中的用例转换成立python语言而已,主要是teststeps中的一些方法
RunRequest
测试步骤:RunRequest一般用在发送请求的时候,里面包含函数信息,请求方法,请求头,请求数据,断言信息等,具体如下
属性名称 | 是否必填 | 作用 |
---|---|---|
name | 必填 | 指定测试步骤名称 |
method(url) | 必填 | 如果在config中设置了base_url,那method中只能设置相对路径 |
with_params | 选填 | 对应params参数,一般用get方法的时候使用 |
with_headers | 选填 | 对应headers参数 |
with_cookies | 选填 | cookies参数 |
with_data | 选填 | 对应于data参数 |
with_json | 选填 | 对应json参数 |
with_variables | 选填 | 测试步骤中的变量,每个步骤的变量独立,变量引用形式:$变量名 ,如果是函数引用则为:${函数名()} |
with_jmespath | 选填 | 提取变量值,保存后给下个接口使用,和extract结合使用,先有extract,再有with_jmespath |
validate | 选填 | 校验结果,和assert函数结合使用,先有validate,再有assert函数 |
RunTestCase
:RunTestCase一般用作一个测试用例需要依赖另一个用例的时候,RunTestCase有以下参数
参数 | 作用 |
---|---|
name | 指定测试步骤名称,该名称将显示在执行日志和测试报告中 |
with_variables | 定义变量 |
call | 引用的测试用例类,需要提前导入这个类 |
export | 从引用的测试用例导出的会话变量名称,导出的变量方便后续测试步骤引用 |
八、测试报告
1、pytest自带测试报告
由于httprunner底层用的是pytest测试框架,而pytest测试框架自带测试报告,因此httprunner也可以执行pytest的测试报告,执行命令:pytest testcases --html=./reports/result.html --self-contained-html
2、allure插件安装
allure测试报告是一个java开发的插件,需要java环境,首先按照allure-pytest
插件
点击查看代码
C:\Users\siyong.fan>pip install allure-pytest -i //pypi.douban.com/simple
Looking in indexes: //pypi.douban.com/simple
Requirement already satisfied: allure-pytest in c:\users\siyong.fan\appdata\local\programs\python\python38\lib\site-packages (2.9.43)
Requirement already satisfied: six>=1.9.0 in c:\users\siyong.fan\appdata\local\programs\python\python38\lib\site-packages (from allure-pytest) (1.16.0)
Requirement already satisfied: allure-python-commons==2.9.43 in c:\users\siyong.fan\appdata\local\programs\python\python38\lib\site-packages (from allure-pytest) (2.9.43)
Requirement already satisfied: pytest>=4.5.0 in c:\users\siyong.fan\appdata\local\programs\python\python38\lib\site-packages (from allure-pytest) (5.4.3)
Requirement already satisfied: pluggy>=0.4.0 in c:\users\siyong.fan\appdata\local\programs\python\python38\lib\site-packages (from allure-python-commons==2.9.43->allure-pytest) (0.13.1)
Requirement already satisfied: attrs>=16.0.0 in c:\users\siyong.fan\appdata\local\programs\python\python38\lib\site-packages (from allure-python-commons==2.9.43->allure-pytest) (21.2.0)
Requirement already satisfied: colorama in c:\users\siyong.fan\appdata\local\programs\python\python38\lib\site-packages (from pytest>=4.5.0->allure-pytest) (0.4.4)
Requirement already satisfied: py>=1.5.0 in c:\users\siyong.fan\appdata\local\programs\python\python38\lib\site-packages (from pytest>=4.5.0->allure-pytest) (1.10.0)
Requirement already satisfied: more-itertools>=4.0.0 in c:\users\siyong.fan\appdata\local\programs\python\python38\lib\site-packages (from pytest>=4.5.0->allure-pytest) (8.12.0)
Requirement already satisfied: packaging in c:\users\siyong.fan\appdata\local\programs\python\python38\lib\site-packages (from pytest>=4.5.0->allure-pytest) (21.0)
Requirement already satisfied: atomicwrites>=1.0 in c:\users\siyong.fan\appdata\local\programs\python\python38\lib\site-packages (from pytest>=4.5.0->allure-pytest) (1.4.0)
Requirement already satisfied: wcwidth in c:\users\siyong.fan\appdata\local\programs\python\python38\lib\site-packages (from pytest>=4.5.0->allure-pytest) (0.2.5)
Requirement already satisfied: pyparsing>=2.0.2 in c:\users\siyong.fan\appdata\local\programs\python\python38\lib\site-packages (from packaging->pytest>=4.5.0->allure-pytest) (2.4.7)
这里已经安装成功
运行用例时,如果报错,是因为pytest-allure-adaptor
与allure-pytest
不能共存,下载掉即可:pip uninstall pytest-allure-adaptor
,接着安装allure命令行工具:
-
下载allure-commandline安装包,github官网://github.com/allure-framework/allure2/releases/tag/2.17.2
-
解压下载的文件,进入到bin目录,一个是linux启动文件,一个是windows启动文件
-
将allure所在的bin目录添加到环境变量,注意只需要到bin目录即可,添加完成后,在新打开的cmd中输入
allure --version
,可以看到显示版本表明allure安装成功
3、生成allure测试报告
- allure生成测试报告分成2个步骤,分别是运行用例和生成报告,运行用例有2中方式
hrun testcases --alluredir ./allure_report
pytest 测试用例文件 --alluredir ./reports/allure_report
,测试用例文件可以写某个具体的文件,也可以不写,不写的话,allure会在当前目录下自动查找符合pytest用例风格的用例,执行命令后会在allure_report目录下生成json文件,json文件就是报告执行的结果
- 将json文件转换成html报告
在命令行执行:allure serve ./reports/allure_report
生成html报告
八、持续集成
1、在linux服务器上安装python3.9版本,先安装相关依赖
yum -y install zlib-devel bzip2-devel openssl-devel ncurses-devel sqlite-devel readline-devel tk-devel gdbm-devel db4-devel libpcap-devel xz-devel mysql-devel
2、下载linux需要的python包,下载地址://www.python.org/ftp/python/3.9.0/Python-3.9.0.tgz
3、在linux中新建一个目录存放下载的python安装包,使用命令:mkdir python39
,进入到python39目录,用wget命令下载3.9.0的python包
点击查看代码
[edenapp@eden-dev-test ~]$ cd python39/
[edenapp@eden-dev-test python39]$ wget //www.python.org/ftp/python/3.9.0/Python-3.9.0.tgz
--2022-01-10 17:03:28-- //www.python.org/ftp/python/3.9.0/Python-3.9.0.tgz
Resolving www.python.org (www.python.org)... 151.101.72.223, 2a04:4e42:11::223
Connecting to www.python.org (www.python.org)|151.101.72.223|:443... connected.
HTTP request sent, awaiting response... 200 OK
Length: 26724009 (25M) [application/octet-stream]
Saving to: ‘Python-3.9.0.tgz’
100%[=========================================================================================================================================================================>] 26,724,009 13.2MB/s in 1.9s
2022-01-10 17:03:31 (13.2 MB/s) - ‘Python-3.9.0.tgz’ saved [26724009/26724009]
4、解压下载的python包
解压命令:tar -xvf Python-3.9.0.tgz
5、指定安装目录
执行命令:./configure --prefix=/usr/local/python39
,如果执行命令报错:configure: error: no acceptable C compiler found in $PATH,则先执行sudo yum install gcc-c++
,再执行上条命令就可以安装成功了
6、编译
在当前目录输入sudo make
,执行完成后再执行sudo make install
7、添加软连接,查看安装的版本,软连接的目录一定要是之前指定的目录
[edenapp@eden-dev-test bin]$ sudo ln -s /usr/local/python39/bin/python3.9 /usr/bin/python3
[edenapp@eden-dev-test bin]$ python3
Python 3.9.0 (default, Jan 10 2022, 17:26:42)
[GCC 4.8.5 20150623 (Red Hat 4.8.5-44)] on linux
Type "help", "copyright", "credits" or "license" for more information.
8、给pip添加软连接,查看是否成功
[edenapp@eden-dev-test bin]$ sudo ln -s /usr/local/python39/bin/pip3 /usr/bin/pip3
[edenapp@eden-dev-test bin]$ pip3 -V
pip 20.2.3 from /usr/local/python39/lib/python3.9/site-packages/pip (python 3.9)
9、安装httprunner
使用命令pip3 install httprunner
安装,安装完成后,使用httprunner -V
查看安装的版本,但是会出现如下信息,这是因为命令没有加环境变量或者软连接
为了解决问题,这里添加软连接,先查找httprunner命令,查找命令find / -name httprunner
[root@localhost Python-3.9.0]# find / -name httprunner
/usr/local/python39/bin/httprunner
/usr/local/python39/lib/python3.9/site-packages/httprunner
[root@localhost Python-3.9.0]#
找到bin目录下的httprunner,给他添加软连接
[root@localhost Python-3.9.0]# ln -s /usr/local/python39/bin/httprunner /usr/bin/httprunner
[root@localhost Python-3.9.0]# httprunner -V
3.1.6
[root@localhost Python-3.9.0]#
可以看到添加成功并可以正确使用,同样的方法给pytest添加软连接
10、执行测试用例
将在windows中写的测试代码打包,然后通过rz
命令上传到linux服务器的指定目录下,然后在解压,解压后进入到项目的根目录下,查看需要安装的依赖库,把所需要的的依赖库全部安装完成,然后在根目录下输入pytest
执行用例
11、集成到jenkins
jenkins安装直接使用docker安装,方便快捷,安装完成后创建一个自由风格的项目,指定项目的根目录
输入shell的命令pytest
最后一步就是jenkins生成allure测试报告,打开 jenkins 首页-系统管理-管理插件-可选插件
插件安装完成后,在配置里面找到allure的插件
回到全局工具配置页面,找到Allure Commandline
安装
最后在构建页面按照如下信息输入
12、发送邮件
发送邮件需要插件,参考博客://www.cnblogs.com/yoyoketang/p/12174056.html