Python——连接数据库操作
一、数据库基础用法
要先配置环境变量,然后cmd安装:pip install pymysql
1、连接MySQL,并创建wzg库
#引入decimal模块
import pymysql
#连接数据库
db=pymysql.connect(host='localhost',user='root',password='1234',charset='utf8')
#创建一个游标对象(相当于指针)
cursor=db.cursor()
#执行创建数据库语句
cursor.execute('create schema wzg default charset=utf8;')
cursor.execute('show databases;')
#fetchone获取一条数据(元组类型)
print(cursor.fetchone())
#现在指针到了[1]的位置
#fetchall获取全部数据(字符串类型)
all=cursor.fetchall()
for i in all:
print(i[0])
#关闭游标和数据库连接
cursor.close()
db.close()
2、创建student表,并插入数据
import pymysql
#连接数据库,并打开wzg数据库(数据库已创建)
db=pymysql.connect(host='localhost',user='root',password='1234',charset='utf8',db='wzg')
#创建游标对象
cursor=db.cursor()
try:
#创建student表,并执行
sql='''create table student(
SNO char(10),
SNAME varchar(20) NOT NULL,
SSEX varchar(1),
primary key(SNO)
)default charset=utf8;'''
cursor.execute(sql)
#插入一条数据,并执行
insert_sql='''
insert into student values('200303016','王智刚','男'),('20030001','小明','男')
'''
cursor.execute(insert_sql)
#将数据提交给数据库(加入数据,修改数据要先提交)
db.commit()
#执行查询语句
cursor.execute('select * from student')
#打印全部数据
all=cursor.fetchall()
for i in all:
print(i)
#发生错误时,打印报错原因
except Exception as e:
print(e)
#无论是否报错都执行
finally:
cursor.close()
db.close()
数据库中char和varchar的区别:
char类型的长度是固定的,varchar的长度是可变的。
例如:存储字符串’abc’,使用char(10),表示存储的字符将占10个字节(包括7个空字符),
使用varchar(10),表示只占3个字节,10是最大值,当存储的字符小于10时,按照实际的长度存储。
二、项目:银行管理系统
完成功能:1.查询 2.取钱 3.存钱 4.退出
练习:创建信息表,并进行匹配
1、创建数据库为(bank),账户信息表为(account)
account_id(varchar(20)) | Account_passwd(char(6)) | Money(decimal(10,2)) |
---|---|---|
001 | 123456 | 1000.00 |
002 | 456789 | 5000.00 |
2、拓展:进行账号和密码的匹配
请输入账号:001
请输入密码:123456
select * from account where account_id=001 and Account_passwd=123456
if cursor.fetchall():
登录成功
else:
登录失败
import pymysql
# 连接数据库
db = pymysql.connect(host='localhost', user='root', password='1234', charset='utf8')
cursor = db.cursor()
# 创建bank库
cursor.execute('create database bank charset utf8;')
cursor.execute('use bank;')
try:
# # 创建表
# sql = '''create table account(
# account_id varchar(20) NOT NULL,
# account_passwd char(6) NOT NULL,
# money decimal(10,2),
# primary key(account_id)
# );'''
# cursor.execute(sql)
# # 插入数据
# insert_sql = '''
# insert into account values('001','123456',1000.00),('002','456789',5000.00)
# '''
# cursor.execute(insert_sql)
# db.commit()
# # 查询所有数据
# cursor.execute('select * from account')
# all = cursor.fetchall()
# for i in all:
# print(i)
# 输入账号和密码
z=input("请输入账号:")
m=input("请输入密码:")
# 从account表中进行账号和密码的匹配
cursor.execute('select * from account where account_id=%s and account_passwd=%s',(z,m))
# 如果找到,则登录成功
if cursor.fetchall():
print('登录成功')
else:
print('登录失败')
except Exception as e:
print(e)
finally:
cursor.close()
db.close()
1、进行初始化操作
import pymysql
# 创建bank库
CREATE_SCHEMA_SQL='''
create schema bank charset utf8;
'''
# 创建account表
CREATE_TABLE_SQL = '''
create table account(
account_id varchar(20) NOT NULL,
account_passwd char(6) NOT NULL,
# decimal用于保存精确数字的类型,decimal(10,2)表示总位数最大为12位,其中整数10位,小数2位
money decimal(10,2),
primary key(account_id)
) default charset=utf8;
'''
# 创建银行账户
CREATE_ACCOUNT_SQL = '''
insert into account values('001','123456',1000.00),('002','456789',5000.00);
'''
# 初始化
def init():
try:
DB = pymysql.connect(host='localhost',user='root',password='1234',charset='utf8')
cursor1 = DB.cursor()
cursor1.execute(CREATE_SCHEMA_SQL)
DB = pymysql.connect(host='localhost',user='root',password='1234',charset='utf8',database='bank')
cursor2 = DB.cursor()
cursor2.execute(CREATE_TABLE_SQL)
cursor2.execute(CREATE_ACCOUNT_SQL)
DB.commit()
print('初始化成功')
except Exception as e:
print('初始化失败',e)
finally:
cursor1.close()
cursor2.close()
DB.close()
# 不让别人调用
if __name__ == "__main__":
init()
2、登录检查,并选择操作
import pymysql
# 定义全局变量为空
DB=None
# 创建Account类
class Account():
# 传入参数
def __init__(self,account_id,account_passwd):
self.account_id=account_id
self.account_passwd=account_passwd
# 登录检查
def check_account(self):
cursor=DB.cursor()
try:
# 把输入账号和密码进行匹配(函数体内部传入参数用self.)
SQL="select * from account where account_id=%s and account_passwd=%s" %(self.account_id,self.account_passwd)
cursor.execute(SQL)
# 匹配成功返回True,失败返回False
if cursor.fetchall():
return True
else:
return False
except Exception as e:
print("错误原因:",e)
finally:
cursor.close()
# 查询余额
# def query_money
# 取钱
# def reduce_money
# 存钱
# def add_money
def main():
# 定义全局变量
global DB
# 连接bank库
DB=pymysql.connect(host="localhost",user="root",passwd="1234",database="bank")
cursor=DB.cursor()
# 输入账号和密码
from_account_id=input("请输入账号:")
from_account_passwd=input("请输入密码:")
# 输入的参数传入给Account类,并创建account对象
account=Account(from_account_id,from_account_passwd)
# 调用check_account方法,进行登录检查
if account.check_account():
choose=input("请输入操作:\n1、查询余额\n2、取钱\n3、存钱\n4、取卡\n")
# 当输入不等于4的时候执行,等于4则退出
while choose!="4":
# 查询
if choose=="1":
print("111")
# 取钱
elif choose=="2":
print("222")
# 存钱
elif choose=="3":
print("333")
# 上面操作完成之后,继续输入其他操作
choose = input("请输入操作:\n1、查询余额\n2、取钱\n3、存钱\n4、取卡\n")
else:
print("谢谢使用!")
else:
print("账号或密码错误")
DB.close()
main()
3、加入查询功能
存在银行里的钱可能会产生利息,所以需要考虑余额为小数的问题,需要用到decimal库
import pymysql
# 引入decimal模块
import decimal
DB=None
class Account():
def __init__(self,account_id,account_passwd):
self.account_id=account_id
self.account_passwd=account_passwd
# 登录检查
def check_account(self):
cursor=DB.cursor()
try:
SQL="select * from account where account_id=%s and account_passwd=%s" %(self.account_id,self.account_passwd)
cursor.execute(SQL)
if cursor.fetchall():
return True
else:
return False
except Exception as e:
print("错误",e)
finally:
cursor.close()
# 查询余额
def query_money(self):
cursor=DB.cursor()
try:
# 匹配账号密码,并返回money
SQL="select money from account where account_id=%s and account_passwd=%s" %(self.account_id,self.account_passwd)
cursor.execute(SQL)
money=cursor.fetchone()[0]
# 如果账户有钱就返回金额,没钱返回0.00
if money:
# 返回值为decimal类型,quantize函数进行四舍五入,'0.00'表示保留两位小数
return str(money.quantize(decimal.Decimal('0.00')))
else:
return 0.00
except Exception as e:
print("错误原因",e)
finally:
cursor.close()
def main():
global DB
DB=pymysql.connect(host="localhost",user="root",passwd="1234",charset="utf8",database="bank")
cursor=DB.cursor()
from_account_id=input("请输入账号:")
from_account_passwd=input("请输入密码:")
account=Account(from_account_id,from_account_passwd)
if account.check_account():
choose=input("请输入操作:\n1、查询余额\n2、取钱\n3、存钱\n4、取卡\n")
while choose!="4":
# 查询
if choose=="1":
# 调用query_money方法
print("您的余额是%s元" % account.query_money())
# 取钱
elif choose=="2":
print("222")
# 存钱
elif choose=="3":
print("333")
choose = input("请输入操作:\n1、查询余额\n2、取钱\n3、存钱\n4、取卡\n")
else:
print("谢谢使用")
else:
print("账号或密码错误")
DB.close()
main()
4、加入取钱功能
取钱存钱要用update来执行数据库,还要注意取钱需要考虑余额是否充足的问题
import pymysql
import decimal
DB=None
class Account():
def __init__(self,account_id,account_passwd):
self.account_id=account_id
self.account_passwd=account_passwd
# 登录检查
def check_account(self):
cursor=DB.cursor()
try:
SQL="select * from account where account_id=%s and account_passwd=%s" %(self.account_id,self.account_passwd)
cursor.execute(SQL)
if cursor.fetchall():
return True
else:
return False
except Exception as e:
print("错误",e)
finally:
cursor.close()
# 查询余额
def query_money(self):
cursor=DB.cursor()
try:
SQL="select money from account where account_id=%s and account_passwd=%s" %(self.account_id,self.account_passwd)
cursor.execute(SQL)
money=cursor.fetchone()[0]
if money:
return str(money.quantize(decimal.Decimal('0.00')))
else:
return 0.00
except Exception as e:
print("错误原因",e)
finally:
cursor.close()
# 取钱(注意传入money参数)
def reduce_money(self,money):
cursor = DB.cursor()
try:
# 先调用query_money方法,查询余额
has_money=self.query_money()
# 所取金额小于余额则执行(注意类型转换)
if decimal.Decimal(money) <= decimal.Decimal(has_money):
# 进行数据更新操作
SQL="update account set money=money-%s where account_id=%s and account_passwd=%s" %(money,self.account_id,self.account_passwd)
cursor.execute(SQL)
# rowcount进行行计数,行数为1则将数据提交给数据库
if cursor.rowcount==1:
DB.commit()
return True
else:
# rollback数据库回滚,行数不为1则不执行
DB.rollback()
return False
else:
print("余额不足")
except Exception as e:
print("错误原因",e)
finally:
cursor.close()
# 存钱
# def add_money
def main():
global DB
DB=pymysql.connect(host="localhost",user="root",passwd="1234",charset="utf8",database="bank")
cursor=DB.cursor()
from_account_id=input("请输入账号:")
from_account_passwd=input("请输入密码:")
account=Account(from_account_id,from_account_passwd)
if account.check_account():
choose=input("请输入操作:\n1、查询余额\n2、取钱\n3、存钱\n4、取卡\n")
while choose!="4":
# 查询
if choose=="1":
print("您的余额是%s元" % account.query_money())
# 取钱
elif choose=="2":
# 先查询余额,再输入取款金额,防止取款金额大于余额
money=input("您的余额是%s元,请输入取款金额" % account.query_money())
# 调用reduce_money方法,money不为空则取款成功
if account.reduce_money(money):
print("取款成功,您的余额还有%s元" % account.query_money())
else:
print("取款失败!")
# 存钱
elif choose=="3":
print("333")
choose = input("请输入操作:\n1、查询余额\n2、取钱\n3、存钱\n4、取卡\n")
else:
print("谢谢使用!")
else:
print("账号或密码错误")
DB.close()
main()
5、加入存钱功能
存钱功能和取钱功能相似,而且不需要考虑余额的问题,至此已完善当前所有功能
import pymysql
import decimal
DB=None
class Account():
def __init__(self,account_id,account_passwd):
self.account_id=account_id
self.account_passwd=account_passwd
# 登录检查
def check_account(self):
cursor=DB.cursor()
try:
SQL="select * from account where account_id=%s and account_passwd=%s" %(self.account_id,self.account_passwd)
cursor.execute(SQL)
if cursor.fetchall():
return True
else:
return False
except Exception as e:
print("错误",e)
finally:
cursor.close()
# 查询余额
def query_money(self):
cursor=DB.cursor()
try:
SQL="select money from account where account_id=%s and account_passwd=%s" %(self.account_id,self.account_passwd)
cursor.execute(SQL)
money=cursor.fetchone()[0]
if money:
return str(money.quantize(decimal.Decimal('0.00')))
else:
return 0.00
except Exception as e:
print("错误原因",e)
finally:
cursor.close()
# 取钱
def reduce_money(self,money):
cursor = DB.cursor()
try:
has_money=self.query_money()
if decimal.Decimal(money) <= decimal.Decimal(has_money):
SQL="update account set money=money-%s where account_id=%s and account_passwd=%s" %(money,self.account_id,self.account_passwd)
cursor.execute(SQL)
if cursor.rowcount==1:
DB.commit()
return True
else:
DB.rollback()
return False
else:
print("余额不足")
except Exception as e:
print("错误原因",e)
finally:
cursor.close()
# 存钱
def add_money(self,money):
cursor = DB.cursor()
try:
SQL="update account set money=money+%s where account_id=%s and account_passwd=%s" %(money,self.account_id,self.account_passwd)
cursor.execute(SQL)
if cursor.rowcount==1:
DB.commit()
return True
else:
DB.rollback()
return False
except Exception as e:
DB.rollback()
print("错误原因",e)
finally:
cursor.close()
def main():
global DB
DB=pymysql.connect(host="localhost",user="root",passwd="1234",charset="utf8",database="bank")
cursor=DB.cursor()
from_account_id=input("请输入账号:")
from_account_passwd=input("请输入密码:")
account=Account(from_account_id,from_account_passwd)
if account.check_account():
choose=input("请输入操作:\n1、查询余额\n2、取钱\n3、存钱\n4、取卡\n")
while choose!="4":
# 查询
if choose=="1":
print("您的余额是%s元" % account.query_money())
# 取钱
elif choose=="2":
money=input("您的余额是%s元,请输入取款金额" % account.query_money())
if account.reduce_money(money):
print("取款成功,您的余额还有%s元" % account.query_money())
else:
print("取款失败!")
# 存钱
elif choose=="3":
money=input("请输入存款金额:")
if account.add_money(money):
print("存款成功,您的余额还有%s元,按任意键继续\n" % (account.query_money()))
else:
print("存款失败,按任意键继续")
choose = input("请输入操作:\n1、查询余额\n2、取钱\n3、存钱\n4、取卡\n")
else:
print("谢谢使用!")
else:
print("账号或密码错误")
DB.close()
main()
声明:未经许可,不得转载