python email模块的使用实例
- 2020 年 1 月 7 日
- 筆記
在使用python过程中，需要用的email模块来进行邮件的发送和接收，包含自定义邮件的中文、主题、日期、附件等信息，以下是我使用email模块来发送一个测试报告相关信息的邮件的例子：
#!/usr/bin/python # -*- coding: utf-8 -*- ''' @author:freesigefei Created on 2016年3月20日 Updated on 2016年5月4日 ''' #------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ import smtplib from email.mime.text import MIMEText from email.mime.multipart import MIMEMultipart from email.header import Header import os,time,re def send_Test_email(mail_to): '''本模块实现获取最新的测试报告html文件，读取部分报告内容作为邮件正文，将报告作为附件，并发送到指定的邮箱， 参数mail_to代表的是接收邮箱，例如:'[email protected]' ''' #发送邮箱 mail_from = '[email protected]' #发送邮件主题 mail_subject = 'Automation Test Report' #发送邮箱服务器 mail_smtpserver = 'smtp.sina.com' #发送邮箱用户/密码 mail_username = '[email protected]' mail_password = 'yyyyyy' #定义邮件内容，中文需参数‘utf-8’，单字节字符不需要 ''' #发送文件形式的邮件 msg = MIMEText('你好!','text','utf-8') ''' ''' #发送html形式以正常文本显示在邮件内容中的邮件 msg = MIMEText('<html><h1>你好！</h1></html>','html','utf-8') ''' ''' #读取html文件内容并发送 f=open(file_new,'rb') mail_body=f.read() f.close() print mail_body msg=MIMEText(mail_body,_subtype='html',_charset='utf-8') ''' #创建一个带附件的邮件实例（内容） msg = MIMEMultipart() #找到report目录下最新生成的报告文件供后续使用 result_dir = 'D:\report' lists=os.listdir(result_dir) lists.sort(key=lambda fn: os.path.getmtime(result_dir+"\"+fn) if not os.path.isdir(result_dir+"\"+fn) else 0) print (u'The Latest Test Report is: '+lists[-1]) file_new = os.path.join(result_dir,lists[-1]) #读取最新的测试报告文件获取部分信息来定义邮件的内容 Regex_Theme=re.compile(r'Automation Test Report') Regex_Content=re.compile(r'<strong>(.*:)</strong>(.*)<') Report_File=open(file_new,'r') Mail_Content=[] for line in Report_File.readlines(): if '<title>Automation Test Report</title>' in line or "<p class='attribute'>" in line: i=Regex_Theme.findall(line) j=Regex_Content.findall(line) if i != []: Mail_Content.append(i) if j != []: Mail_Content.append(j) Report_File.close() #将读取到的测试报告的数据以html形式显示为邮件的中文 msgTest=MIMEText('''<html><h1>Test completed,Test results are as follows:</h1></html>''' '''<hr />''' '''<p><strong>'''+Mail_Content[0][0]+'''</strong></p>''' '''<p><strong>'''+Mail_Content[1][0][0]+'''</strong>'''+Mail_Content[1][0][1]+'''</p>''' '''<p><strong>'''+Mail_Content[2][0][0]+'''</strong>'''+Mail_Content[2][0][1]+'''</p>''' '''<p><strong>'''+Mail_Content[3][0][0]+'''</strong>'''+Mail_Content[3][0][1]+'''</p>''' '''<hr />''' '''<p>PS: Detailed test results please refer to the attachment</p>''' ,'html','utf-8') msg.attach(msgTest) #定义邮件的附件 att1 = MIMEText(open(file_new, 'rb').read(), 'base64', 'utf-8') att1["Content-Type"] = 'application/octet-stream' att1["Content-Disposition"] ='attachment; filename="Automation test report.html"'#这里的filename指的是附件的名称及类型 msg.attach(att1) #将邮件的主题等相关信息添加到邮件实例 msg['Subject'] = Header(mail_subject) msg['From'] = mail_from msg['To'] = mail_to msg['date']=time.strftime('%a, %d %b %Y %H:%M:%S %z') #创建发送服务器实例并将发送服务器添加到实例中 smtp = smtplib.SMTP() smtp.connect(mail_smtpserver) ''' #采用ssl加密传输 smtp.ehlo() smtp.starttls() smtp.ehlo() ''' ''' #打印交互的日志信息 #smtp.set_debuglevel(1) ''' #登录发送邮件服务器并进行邮件的发送 smtp.login(mail_username, mail_password) smtp.sendmail(mail_from, mail_to, msg.as_string()) print u'Test report sent successfully，Please go to the following email to check the test report :%s' %mail_to smtp.quit() #---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- if __name__ == "__main__": send_Test_email('[email protected]')
当然，如果要使用email模块的其他功能，可以参考网上的以下7个列子：
一，文件形式的邮件
#!/usr/bin/env python3 #coding: utf-8 import smtplib from email.mime.text import MIMEText from email.header import Header sender = '***' receiver = '***' subject = 'python email test' smtpserver = 'smtp.163.com' username = '***' password = '***' msg = MIMEText('你好','text','utf-8')#中文需参数‘utf-8'，单字节字符不需要 msg['Subject'] = Header(subject, 'utf-8') smtp = smtplib.SMTP() smtp.connect('smtp.163.com') smtp.login(username, password) smtp.sendmail(sender, receiver, msg.as_string()) smtp.quit()
二、html形式的邮件
#!/usr/bin/env python3 #coding: utf-8 import smtplib from email.mime.text import MIMEText sender = '***' receiver = '***' subject = 'python email test' smtpserver = 'smtp.163.com' username = '***' password = '***' msg = MIMEText('</pre> <h1>你好</h1> <pre>','html','utf-8') msg['Subject'] = subject smtp = smtplib.SMTP() smtp.connect('smtp.163.com') smtp.login(username, password) smtp.sendmail(sender, receiver, msg.as_string()) smtp.quit()
三、带图片的html邮件
#!/usr/bin/env python3 #coding: utf-8 import smtplib from email.mime.multipart import MIMEMultipart from email.mime.text import MIMEText from email.mime.image import MIMEImage sender = '***' receiver = '***' subject = 'python email test' smtpserver = 'smtp.163.com' username = '***' password = '***' msgRoot = MIMEMultipart('related') msgRoot['Subject'] = 'test message' msgText = MIMEText('<b>Some <i>HTML</i> text</b> and an image. <img alt="" src="cid:image1" /> good!','html','utf-8') msgRoot.attach(msgText) fp = open('h:\python\1.jpg', 'rb') msgImage = MIMEImage(fp.read()) fp.close() msgImage.add_header('Content-ID', '') msgRoot.attach(msgImage) smtp = smtplib.SMTP() smtp.connect('smtp.163.com') smtp.login(username, password) smtp.sendmail(sender, receiver, msgRoot.as_string()) smtp.quit()
四、带附件的邮件
#!/usr/bin/env python3 #coding: utf-8 import smtplib from email.mime.multipart import MIMEMultipart from email.mime.text import MIMEText from email.mime.image import MIMEImage sender = '***' receiver = '***' subject = 'python email test' smtpserver = 'smtp.163.com' username = '***' password = '***' msgRoot = MIMEMultipart('related') msgRoot['Subject'] = 'test message' #构造附件 att = MIMEText(open('h:\python\1.jpg', 'rb').read(), 'base64', 'utf-8') att["Content-Type"] = 'application/octet-stream' att["Content-Disposition"] = 'attachment; filename="1.jpg"' msgRoot.attach(att) smtp = smtplib.SMTP() smtp.connect('smtp.163.com') smtp.login(username, password) smtp.sendmail(sender, receiver, msgRoot.as_string()) smtp.quit()
五、群邮件
#!/usr/bin/env python3 #coding: utf-8 import smtplib from email.mime.text import MIMEText sender = '***' receiver = ['***','****',……] subject = 'python email test' smtpserver = 'smtp.163.com' username = '***' password = '***' msg = MIMEText('你好','text','utf-8') msg['Subject'] = subject smtp = smtplib.SMTP() smtp.connect('smtp.163.com') smtp.login(username, password) smtp.sendmail(sender, receiver, msg.as_string()) smtp.quit()
六、包含各种元素的邮件
#!/usr/bin/env python3 #coding: utf-8 import smtplib from email.mime.multipart import MIMEMultipart from email.mime.text import MIMEText from email.mime.image import MIMEImage sender = '***' receiver = '***' subject = 'python email test' smtpserver = 'smtp.163.com' username = '***' password = '***' # Create message container - the correct MIME type is multipart/alternative. msg = MIMEMultipart('alternative') msg['Subject'] = "Link" # Create the body of the message (a plain-text and an HTML version). text = "Hi!nHow are you?nHere is the link you wanted:nhttp://www.python.org" html = """ Hi! How are you? Here is the <a href="http://www.python.org">link</a> you wanted. """ # Record the MIME types of both parts - text/plain and text/html. part1 = MIMEText(text, 'plain') part2 = MIMEText(html, 'html') # Attach parts into message container. # According to RFC 2046, the last part of a multipart message, in this case # the HTML message, is best and preferred. msg.attach(part1) msg.attach(part2) #构造附件 att = MIMEText(open('h:\python\1.jpg', 'rb').read(), 'base64', 'utf-8') att["Content-Type"] = 'application/octet-stream' att["Content-Disposition"] = 'attachment; filename="1.jpg"' msg.attach(att) smtp = smtplib.SMTP() smtp.connect('smtp.163.com') smtp.login(username, password) smtp.sendmail(sender, receiver, msg.as_string()) smtp.quit()
7、基于ssl的邮件
#!/usr/bin/env python3 #coding: utf-8 import smtplib from email.mime.text import MIMEText from email.header import Header sender = '***' receiver = '***' subject = 'python email test' smtpserver = 'smtp.163.com' username = '***' password = '***' msg = MIMEText('你好','text','utf-8')#中文需参数‘utf-8'，单字节字符不需要 msg['Subject'] = Header(subject, 'utf-8') smtp = smtplib.SMTP() smtp.connect('smtp.163.com') smtp.ehlo() smtp.starttls() smtp.ehlo() smtp.set_debuglevel(1) smtp.login(username, password) smtp.sendmail(sender, receiver, msg.as_string()) smtp.quit()
