学术期刊出版的转型:从限制到开放性获取渠道
- 2020 年 1 月 6 日
- 筆記
尽管互联网已经深刻地改变了传媒业大多数部门使用的商业模式，但令人惊讶的是，在同行评议的学术期刊上，商业模式几乎没有改变。电子递送已经成为了一种常态，但是和以前一样的出版商仍然统治着市场，向订阅者出售产品。这篇文章提出了一个问题，为什么主要由政府资助的研究成果的开放性获取渠道(OA)还没有成为主流的商业模式。开放性获取渠道意味着，从读者为内容付费到作者通过普遍免费访问为传播付费的收入逻辑的逆转，其现状可以运用波特五力模型来分析。这一分析表明，该行业缺乏竞争压力，导致具有领导作用的出版商的利润水平如此之高，以至于它们还没有感受到改变运营方式的强烈需要。然而，由文章发布费用(apc)资助的开放性获取渠道可能会开始迅速变得更加普遍。目前的推动力量由欧洲的公共研究资助者和行政机构组成，他们通过启动专门的资金来支付来自各自国家的作者的文章发布费用来推动开放性获取渠道的发展。这反而导致了另一种情况，即出版商引入了“大交易”，包括(a)订阅他们所有的期刊，(b)混合期刊的文章发布费用，以及(c)在未来也将文章发布费用捆绑到他们所有具有开放性获取渠道的期刊。这似乎是一个对出版商来说相对无风险的战略，因为这可以帮助维持他们的主导地位的市场并在未来达到高利润水平。
原文题目：Scholarly journal publishing in transition: from restricted to open access
原文：While the business models used in most segments of the media industry have been profoundly changed by the Internet surprisingly little has changed in the publishing of scholarly peer reviewed journals. Electronic delivery has become the norm, but the same publishers as before are still dominating the market, selling content to subscribers. This article asks the question why Open Access (OA) to the output of mainly publicly funded research hasn’t yet become the mainstream business model. OA implies a reversal of revenue logic from readers paying for content to authors paying for dissemination via universal free access. The current situation is analyzed using Porter’s five forces model. The analysis demonstrates a lack of competitive pressure in this industry, leading to so high profit levels of the leading publishers that they have not yet felt a strong need to change the way they operate. OA funded by article publishing charges (APCs) might nevertheless start rapidly becoming more common. The driving force currently consists of the public research funders and administrations in Europe, which are pushing for OA by starting dedicated funds for paying the APCs of authors from the respective countries. This has in turn lead to a situation in which publishers have introduced “big deals” involving the bundling of (a) subscription to all their journals, (b) APCs for their hybrid journals and (c) in the future also APCs to their full OA journals. This appears to be a relatively risk free strategy for the publishers in question to retain their dominance of the market and high profit levels also in the future.
原文作者：Bo-Christer Björk
原文地址：https://arxiv.org/abs/1912.12646
