Python[7] ：Python制作j
- 2020 年 1 月 6 日
- 筆記
api（应用程序编程接口）
API（Application Programming Interface,应用程序编程接口）是一些预先定义的函数，目的是提供应用程序与开发人员基于某软件或硬件得以访问一组例程的能力，而又无需访问源码，或理解内部工作机制的细节。
继承前几篇文章，围绕资产管理搜集的信息，进行这篇文章的api
一、sqlite数据库的基本使用
资产管理的后台数据库用的是sqlite，这个是轻量级的数据库，大家可能对这个数据库很陌生。那么我们就简单的来看看这个数据库是如何使用的？
1、登陆sqlite
[root@localhost ~]# cd Simplecmdb [root@localhost Simplecmdb]# ls Boot_django.sh curl_post_test_v2.sh db.sqlite3 manage.py Simplecmdb curl_post_test_v1.sh curl_post_test_v3.py hostinfo post_hostinfo.py [root@localhost Simplecmdb]# python manage.py shell /usr/lib/python2.6/site-packages/django/db/backends/sqlite3/base.py:58: RuntimeWarning: SQLite received a naive datetime (2015-03-03 16:18:21.229988) while time zone support is active. RuntimeWarning) Python 2.6.6 (r266:84292, Feb 22 2013, 00:00:18) Type "copyright", "credits" or "license" for more information. IPython 1.2.1 -- An enhanced Interactive Python. ? -> Introduction and overview of IPython's features. %quickref -> Quick reference. help -> Python's own help system. object? -> Details about 'object', use 'object??' for extra details. In [1]:
2、查看models.py
文件中有Host和HostGroup两个类，每个类中都定义了字段名和数据类型
[root@localhost Simplecmdb]# cat hostinfo/models.py from django.db import models # Create your models here. class Host(models.Model): hostname = models.CharField(max_length=50) ip = models.IPAddressField() osversion = models.CharField(max_length=50) memory = models.CharField(max_length=50) disk = models.CharField(max_length=50) vendor_id = models.CharField(max_length=50) model_name = models.CharField(max_length=50) cpu_core = models.CharField(max_length=50) product = models.CharField(max_length=50) Manufacturer = models.CharField(max_length=50) sn = models.CharField(max_length=50) def __str__(self): return self.hostname class HostGroup(models.Model): groupname = models.CharField(max_length=50) members = models.ManyToManyField(Host)
3、将资产管理数据结构导入到当前的环境中并使用
In [1]: from hostinfo.models import * In [3]: HostGroup. #有很多方法可以使用 HostGroup.DoesNotExist HostGroup.delete HostGroup.save HostGroup.MultipleObjectsReturned HostGroup.full_clean HostGroup.save_base HostGroup.add_to_class HostGroup.members HostGroup.serializable_value HostGroup.clean HostGroup.mro HostGroup.unique_error_message HostGroup.clean_fields HostGroup.objects HostGroup.validate_unique HostGroup.copy_managers HostGroup.pk HostGroup.date_error_message HostGroup.prepare_database_save In [3]: HostGroup.objects.all() #查看类中所有的对象（5个），返回值为列表 Out[3]: [<HostGroup: HostGroup object>, <HostGroup: HostGroup object>, <HostGroup: HostGroup object>, <HostGroup: HostGroup object>, <HostGroup: HostGroup object>] In [5]: hg = HostGroup.objects.all()[0] #取第一个对象并赋值为hg In [6]: hg. #hg中的方法 hg.DoesNotExist hg.delete hg.objects hg.serializable_value hg.MultipleObjectsReturned hg.full_clean hg.pk hg.unique_error_message hg.clean hg.groupname hg.prepare_database_save hg.validate_unique hg.clean_fields hg.id hg.save hg.date_error_message hg.members hg.save_base In [6]: hg.groupname #查看对应的组的名字 Out[6]: u'nginx' In [7]: hg.members #查看成员，返回值是一个对象，是对象就有方法和属性 Out[7]: <django.db.models.fields.related.ManyRelatedManager at 0x2156f10> In [8]: hg.members.all() #查看所有成员 Out[8]: [<Host: nginx_master.com>, <Host: nginx_slave.com>] In [10]: h = hg.members.all()[0] In [12]: h. h.DoesNotExist h.delete h.memory h.save h.Manufacturer h.disk h.model_name h.save_base h.MultipleObjectsReturned h.full_clean h.objects h.serializable_value h.clean h.hostgroup_set h.osversion h.sn h.clean_fields h.hostname h.pk h.unique_error_message h.cpu_core h.id h.prepare_database_save h.validate_unique h.date_error_message h.ip h.product h.vendor_id In [12]: h.hostname Out[12]: u'nginx_master.com' In [13]: h.ip Out[13]: u'192.168.1.200' In [14]: h.ip = '192.168.1.234' #修改记录 In [15]: h.ip Out[15]: '192.168.1.234' In [16]: h.save() #保存到数据库中，会在后台admin页面中看到
二、api（json）
1、实现json格式api的草图
2、在命令行中实现上述效果
[root@localhost Simplecmdb]# python manage.py shell /usr/lib/python2.6/site-packages/django/db/backends/sqlite3/base.py:58: RuntimeWarning: SQLite received a naive datetime (2015-03-03 16:36:45.158750) while time zone support is active. RuntimeWarning) Python 2.6.6 (r266:84292, Feb 22 2013, 00:00:18) Type "copyright", "credits" or "license" for more information. IPython 1.2.1 -- An enhanced Interactive Python. ? -> Introduction and overview of IPython's features. %quickref -> Quick reference. help -> Python's own help system. object? -> Details about 'object', use 'object??' for extra details. In [1]: from hostinfo.models import * In [2]: d = [] In [3]: hg = HostGroup.objects.all() In [4]: for g in hg: ...: ret = {'groupname':g.groupname,'members':[]} ...: for h in g.members.all(): ...: ret_h = {'hostname':h.hostname,'ip':h.ip} ...: ret['members'].append(ret_h) ...: d.append(ret) ...: In [5]: print d [{'groupname': u'nginx', 'members': [{'ip': u'192.168.1.234', 'hostname': u'nginx_master.com'}, {'ip': u'192.168.1.201', 'hostname': u'nginx_slave.com'}]}, {'groupname': u'mongodb', 'members': [{'ip': u'192.168.1.121', 'hostname': u'mongodb.com'}]}, {'groupname': u'db', 'members': [{'ip': u'192.168.1.105', 'hostname': u'mysql_master.com'}, {'ip': u'192.168.1.106', 'hostname': u'mysql_slave.com'}]}, {'groupname': u'tomcat', 'members': [{'ip': u'192.168.1.109', 'hostname': u'tomcat_node1.com'}, {'ip': u'192.168.1.110', 'hostname': u'tomcat_node2.com'}, {'ip': u'192.168.1.111', 'hostname': u'tomcat_node3.com'}, {'ip': u'192.168.1.112', 'hostname': u'tomcat_node4.com'}]}, {'groupname': u'memcached', 'members': [{'ip': u'192.168.1.120', 'hostname': u'memory.com'}]}] 对上述列表遍历能看的更清楚 In [6]: for i in d: ...: print i ...: {'groupname': u'nginx', 'members': [{'ip': u'192.168.1.234', 'hostname': u'nginx_master.com'}, {'ip': u'192.168.1.201', 'hostname': u'nginx_slave.com'}]} {'groupname': u'mongodb', 'members': [{'ip': u'192.168.1.121', 'hostname': u'mongodb.com'}]} {'groupname': u'db', 'members': [{'ip': u'192.168.1.105', 'hostname': u'mysql_master.com'}, {'ip': u'192.168.1.106', 'hostname': u'mysql_slave.com'}]} {'groupname': u'tomcat', 'members': [{'ip': u'192.168.1.109', 'hostname': u'tomcat_node1.com'}, {'ip': u'192.168.1.110', 'hostname': u'tomcat_node2.com'}, {'ip': u'192.168.1.111', 'hostname': u'tomcat_node3.com'}, {'ip': u'192.168.1.112', 'hostname': u'tomcat_node4.com'}]} {'groupname': u'memcached', 'members': [{'ip': u'192.168.1.120', 'hostname': u'memory.com'}]}
3、api（json）
3.1、添加访问的api的url
[root@localhost Simplecmdb]# vim Simplecmdb/urls.py from django.conf.urls import patterns, include, url from django.contrib import admin admin.autodiscover() urlpatterns = patterns('', # Examples: # url(r'^$', 'Simplecmdb.views.home', name='home'), # url(r'^blog/', include('blog.urls')), url(r'^admin/', include(admin.site.urls)), url(r'^hostinfo$','hostinfo.views.index'), url(r'^hostinfo/getjson$','hostinfo.views.getjson'), )
3.2、定义响应请求的视图文件
[root@localhost Simplecmdb]# vim hostinfo/views.py from django.shortcuts import render from django.http import HttpResponse from hostinfo.models import Host from hostinfo.models import HostGroup import pickle import json # Create your views here. def index(req): if req.method == 'POST': pick_obj = json.loads(req.body) hostname = pick_obj['hostname'] ip = pick_obj['ip'] osversion = pick_obj['osversion'] memory = pick_obj['memory'] disk = pick_obj['disk'] vendor_id = pick_obj['vendor_id'] model_name = pick_obj['model_name'] cpu_core = pick_obj['cpu_core'] product = pick_obj['product'] Manufacturer = pick_obj['Manufacturer'] sn = pick_obj['sn'] try: host = Host.objects.get(hostname=hostname) except: host = Host() host.hostname = hostname host.ip = ip host.osversion = osversion host.memory = memory host.disk = disk host.vendor_id = vendor_id host.model_name = model_name host.cpu_core = cpu_core host.product = product host.Manufacturer = Manufacturer host.sn = sn host.save() return HttpResponse('ok') else: return HttpResponse('no data') #添加如下行 def getjson(req): hg = HostGroup.objects.all() d = [] for g in hg: ret = {'groupname':g.groupname,'members':[]} for h in g.members.all(): ret_h = {'hostname':h.hostname,'ip':h.ip} ret['members'].append(ret_h) d.append(ret) return HttpResponse(json.dumps(d))
3.3、浏览器访问（需要注意，必须启动JSONView才能如下显示）
三、api（shell）
1、实现json格式api的草图
API -----shell格式----- web node1 192.168.1.10 web node2 192.168.1.11 db node3 192.168.1.11
2、api（shell）
2.1、添加访问的api的url
[root@localhost Simplecmdb]# vim Simplecmdb/urls.py from django.conf.urls import patterns, include, url from django.contrib import admin admin.autodiscover() urlpatterns = patterns('', # Examples: # url(r'^$', 'Simplecmdb.views.home', name='home'), # url(r'^blog/', include('blog.urls')), url(r'^admin/', include(admin.site.urls)), url(r'^hostinfo$','hostinfo.views.index'), url(r'^hostinfo/getjson$','hostinfo.views.getjson'), url(r'^hostinfo/gettxt$','hostinfo.views.gettxt'), )
2.2、定义响应请求的视图文件
[root@localhost Simplecmdb]# vim hostinfo/views.py from django.shortcuts import render from django.http import HttpResponse from hostinfo.models import Host from hostinfo.models import HostGroup import pickle import json # Create your views here. def index(req): if req.method == 'POST': pick_obj = json.loads(req.body) hostname = pick_obj['hostname'] ip = pick_obj['ip'] osversion = pick_obj['osversion'] memory = pick_obj['memory'] disk = pick_obj['disk'] vendor_id = pick_obj['vendor_id'] model_name = pick_obj['model_name'] cpu_core = pick_obj['cpu_core'] product = pick_obj['product'] Manufacturer = pick_obj['Manufacturer'] sn = pick_obj['sn'] try: host = Host.objects.get(hostname=hostname) except: host = Host() host.hostname = hostname host.ip = ip host.osversion = osversion host.memory = memory host.disk = disk host.vendor_id = vendor_id host.model_name = model_name host.cpu_core = cpu_core host.product = product host.Manufacturer = Manufacturer host.sn = sn host.save() return HttpResponse('ok') else: return HttpResponse('no data') def getjson(req): hg = HostGroup.objects.all() d = [] for g in hg: ret = {'groupname':g.groupname,'members':[]} for h in g.members.all(): ret_h = {'hostname':h.hostname,'ip':h.ip} ret['members'].append(ret_h) d.append(ret) return HttpResponse(json.dumps(d)) #添加如下行 def gettxt(req): str = '' hg = HostGroup.objects.all() for g in hg: for h in g.members.all(): str += g.groupname + h.hostname + ' ' + h.ip + ' ' + 'n' return HttpResponse(str)
2.3 浏览器访问
2.4 命令行访问
[root@localhost ~]# curl http://192.168.1.210/hostinfo/gettxt nginxnginx_master.com 192.168.1.234 nginxnginx_slave.com 192.168.1.201 mongodbmongodb.com 192.168.1.121 dbmysql_master.com 192.168.1.105 dbmysql_slave.com 192.168.1.106 tomcattomcat_node1.com 192.168.1.109 tomcattomcat_node2.com 192.168.1.110 tomcattomcat_node3.com 192.168.1.111 tomcattomcat_node4.com 192.168.1.112 memcachedmemory.com 192.168.1.120
