Spring Cloud Zuul的动态路由怎样做?集成Nacos实现很简单

  • 2019 年 10 月 3 日
  • 筆記

一、说明

网关的核心概念就是路由配置和路由规则,而作为所有请求流量的入口,在实际生产环境中为了保证高可靠和高可用,是尽量要避免重启的,所以实现动态路由是非常有必要的;本文主要介绍实现的思路,并且以Nacos为数据源来讲解

 

二、实现要点

要实现动态路由只需关注下面4个点

  1. 网关启动时,动态路由的数据怎样加载进来
  2. 静态路由动态路由以那个为准,ps:静态路由指的是配置文件里写死的路由配置
  3. 监听动态路由的数据源变化
  4. 数据有变化时怎样通知zuul刷新路由

 

三、具体实现

3.1. 实现动态路由的数据加载

  • 重写SimpleRouteLocator类的locateRoutes方法,此方法是加载路由配置的,父类中是获取properties中的路由配置,可以通过扩展此方法,达到动态获取配置的目的
  • 这里采用静态路由动态路由共存,相同路由id以动态路由优先覆盖的实现方式

AbstractDynRouteLocator类可查看:AbstractDynRouteLocator.java

public abstract class AbstractDynRouteLocator extends SimpleRouteLocator implements RefreshableRouteLocator {      private ZuulProperties properties;        public AbstractDynRouteLocator(String servletPath, ZuulProperties properties) {          super(servletPath, properties);          this.properties = properties;      }        /**       * 刷新路由       */      @Override      public void refresh() {          doRefresh();      }        @Override      protected Map<String, ZuulRoute> locateRoutes() {          LinkedHashMap<String, ZuulRoute> routesMap = new LinkedHashMap<>();          // 从application.properties中加载静态路由信息          routesMap.putAll(super.locateRoutes());          // 从数据源中加载动态路由信息          routesMap.putAll(loadDynamicRoute());          // 优化一下配置          LinkedHashMap<String, ZuulRoute> values = new LinkedHashMap<>();          for (Map.Entry<String, ZuulRoute> entry : routesMap.entrySet()) {              String path = entry.getKey();              // Prepend with slash if not already present.              if (!path.startsWith("/")) {                  path = "/" + path;              }              if (StringUtils.hasText(this.properties.getPrefix())) {                  path = this.properties.getPrefix() + path;                  if (!path.startsWith("/")) {                      path = "/" + path;                  }              }              values.put(path, entry.getValue());          }          return values;      }        /**       * 加载路由配置,由子类去实现       */      public abstract Map<String, ZuulRoute> loadDynamicRoute();  }

由于动态路由的数据可以有很多种途径,如:Nacos、Redis、Zookeeper、DB等,所以这里定义一个抽象类,由具体的实现类去定义loadDynamicRoute方法

 

3.2. Nacos路由实现类

NacosDynRouteLocator类完整的代码实现可查看:NacosDynRouteLocator.java

3.2.1. 实现loadDynamicRoute方法获取动态数据

    @Override      public Map<String, ZuulProperties.ZuulRoute> loadDynamicRoute() {          Map<String, ZuulRoute> routes = new LinkedHashMap<>();          if (zuulRouteEntities == null) {              zuulRouteEntities = getNacosConfig();          }          for (ZuulRouteEntity result : zuulRouteEntities) {              if (StrUtil.isBlank(result.getPath()) || !result.isEnabled()) {                  continue;              }              ZuulRoute zuulRoute = new ZuulRoute();              BeanUtil.copyProperties(result, zuulRoute);              routes.put(zuulRoute.getPath(), zuulRoute);          }          return routes;      }        private List<ZuulRouteEntity> getNacosConfig() {          try {              String content = nacosConfigProperties.configServiceInstance().getConfig(ZUUL_DATA_ID, ZUUL_GROUP_ID,5000);              return getListByStr(content);          } catch (NacosException e) {              log.error("listenerNacos-error", e);          }          return new ArrayList<>(0);      }

3.2.2. 增加NacosListener监听路由数据变化

    private void addListener() {          try {              nacosConfigProperties.configServiceInstance().addListener(ZUUL_DATA_ID, ZUUL_GROUP_ID, new Listener() {                  @Override                  public Executor getExecutor() {                      return null;                  }                    @Override                  public void receiveConfigInfo(String configInfo) {                      //赋值路由信息                      locator.setZuulRouteEntities(getListByStr(configInfo));                      RoutesRefreshedEvent routesRefreshedEvent = new RoutesRefreshedEvent(locator);                      publisher.publishEvent(routesRefreshedEvent);                  }              });          } catch (NacosException e) {              log.error("nacos-addListener-error", e);          }      }

注意路由数据变化后不需要自己手动刷新路由,只需要给zuul发送一个RoutesRefreshedEvent事件即可,zuul自己有个ZuulRefreshListener类会监听事件帮我们刷新路由

 

3.3. 配置类创建NacosDynRouteLocator的Bean

DynamicZuulRouteConfig可查看:NacosDynRouteLocator.java

@Configuration  @ConditionalOnProperty(prefix = "zlt.gateway.dynamicRoute", name = "enabled", havingValue = "true")  public class DynamicZuulRouteConfig {      @Autowired      private ZuulProperties zuulProperties;        @Autowired      private DispatcherServletPath dispatcherServletPath;        /**       * Nacos实现方式       */      @Configuration      @ConditionalOnProperty(prefix = "zlt.gateway.dynamicRoute", name = "dataType", havingValue = "nacos", matchIfMissing = true)      public class NacosZuulRoute {          @Autowired          private NacosConfigProperties nacosConfigProperties;            @Autowired          private ApplicationEventPublisher publisher;            @Bean          public NacosDynRouteLocator nacosDynRouteLocator() {              return new NacosDynRouteLocator(nacosConfigProperties, publisher, dispatcherServletPath.getPrefix(), zuulProperties);          }      }  }

这里通过自定义配置来控制是否开启动态路由功能

 

3.4. 添加Nacos路由配置

file
新增配置项:

  • Data Id:zuul-routes
  • Group:ZUUL_GATEWAY
  • 配置内容:
[      {          "enabled":true,          "id":"csdn",          "path":"/csdn/**",          "retryable":false,          "stripPrefix":true,          "url":"https://www.csdn.net/"      }, {          "enabled":true,          "id":"github",          "path":"/github/**",          "retryable":false,          "stripPrefix":true,          "url":"http://github.com/"      }  ]

添加两条路由数据

 

四、测试

  • 启动网关通过/actuator/routes端点查看当前路由信息
    file

    可以看到静态路由和Nacos里配置的两条路由信息并存显示

  • 修改Nacos配置,关闭csdn路由
    file
  • 刷新查看网关的路由信息
    file

    csdn的路由已经看不到了,实现了动态改变路由配置

 
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