腾讯云服务器Linux系统–安装MySql
- 2019 年 11 月 4 日
- 筆記
版权声明：本文为博主原创文章，遵循 CC 4.0 BY-SA 版权协议，转载请附上原文出处链接和本声明。
本文链接：https://blog.csdn.net/weixin_43126117/article/details/100840495
检查Linux服务器是否有Mysql
[root@VM_0_16_centos ~]# rpm -qa|grep mysql* [root@VM_0_16_centos ~]# rpm -qa|grep -i mysql
如有，必须卸载干净，否则后面安装会报各种错误。
我们还是通过华为云镜像进行下载 MySql-Server、MySql-Client这两个服务，其他（开发库、兼容库、测试组件等）不安装。
创建目录，进入目录，并下载文件。
[root@VM_0_16_centos ~]# mkdir /usr/lib/mysql [root@VM_0_16_centos ~]# cd /usr/lib/mysql [root@VM_0_16_centos mysql]# wget https://mirrors.huaweicloud.com/mysql/Downloads/MySQL-8.0/mysql-community-server-8.0.16-2.el7.x86_64.rpm [root@VM_0_16_centos mysql]# wget https://mirrors.huaweicloud.com/mysql/Downloads/MySQL-8.0/mysql-community-client-8.0.16-2.el7.x86_64.rpm
我安装的时候提示我需要两个服务，我就下载安装了。
[root@VM_0_16_centos mysql]# wget https://mirrors.huaweicloud.com/mysql/Downloads/MySQL-8.0/mysql-community-common-8.0.16-2.el7.x86_64.rpm [root@VM_0_16_centos mysql]# wget https://mirrors.huaweicloud.com/mysql/Downloads/MySQL-8.0/mysql-community-libs-8.0.16-2.el7.x86_64.rpm
安装顺序如下：common>libs>server>client
注意的一点是，从 RPM 版本 4.1 开始，在安装或升级软件包时会检查软件包的签名。如果签名校验失败，你就会看到如下所示 的错误消息：
Header V3 DSA/SHA1 Signature, key ID 5072e1f5: NOKEY
安装的时候需要取消校验签名 –force –nodeps
–force 强行置换套件或文件。
–nodeps 不验证套件档的相互关联性。
[root@VM_0_16_centos mysql]# rpm -ivh mysql-community-common-8.0.16-2.el7.x86_64.rpm [root@VM_0_16_centos mysql]# rpm -ivh mysql-community-libs-8.0.16-2.el7.x86_64.rpm --force --nodeps [root@VM_0_16_centos mysql]# rpm -ivh mysql-community-server-8.0.16-2.el7.x86_64.rpm --force --nodeps [root@VM_0_16_centos mysql]# rpm -ivh mysql-community-client-8.0.16-2.el7.x86_64.rpm
安装完毕后，启动mysql服务
[root@VM_0_16_centos ~]# systemctl start mysqld
我启动的时候，报了很多错误。
所以给一个通用的解法：检查mysql服务的系统日志，看看报什么错。路径是什么呢？ 可以通过配置文件获取
[root@VM_0_16_centos ~]# cat /etc/my.cnf # For advice on how to change settings please see # http://dev.mysql.com/doc/refman/5.7/en/server-configuration-defaults.html [mysqld] # # Remove leading # and set to the amount of RAM for the most important data # cache in MySQL. Start at 70% of total RAM for dedicated server, else 10%. # innodb_buffer_pool_size = 128M # # Remove leading # to turn on a very important data integrity option: logging # changes to the binary log between backups. # log_bin # # Remove leading # to set options mainly useful for reporting servers. # The server defaults are faster for transactions and fast SELECTs. # Adjust sizes as needed, experiment to find the optimal values. # join_buffer_size = 128M # sort_buffer_size = 2M # read_rnd_buffer_size = 2M datadir=/var/lib/mysql socket=/var/lib/mysql/mysql.sock # Disabling symbolic-links is recommended to prevent assorted security risks symbolic-links=0 log-error=/var/log/mysqld.log //日志路径 pid-file=/var/run/mysqld/mysqld.pid datadir=/opt/data skip-grant-tables
然后登陆MySQL，并修改密码
通过 grep "password" /var/log/mysqld.log ，取得mysql初始化随机密码，但是我这里不可以。
只能通过修改配置文件，进入无保护状态下的MySQL。
[root@VM_0_16_centos ~]# vi /etc/my.cnf //加上 skip-grant-tables //重启 [root@VM_0_16_centos ~]# systemctl restart mysqld //无密码进入 [root@VM_0_16_centos ~]# mysql -uroot -p use mysql； UPDATE user SET authentication_string = Password ('密码') WHERE User = 'root' ; flush privileges ; quit； //删除/etc/my.cnf 中 skip-grant-tables //重启
再次通过刚刚设置的密码进入系统，可能还要重新设置密码，刚刚设置的好像只是临时的
SET PASSWORD = PASSWORD('!Qw56:'); //密码需要很复杂，否则报错 ERROR 1819 (HY000): Your password does not satisfy the current policy requirements //设置密码为永久 ALTER USER 'root'@'localhost' PASSWORD EXPIRE NEVER; //设置外部可以访问 grant all privileges on *.* to root@"%" identified by "!Qw56:"; //更新 flush privileges;
还需要开放云服务器安全组的端口。
