vue系列—Mustache.js模板引擎介绍及源码解析(十)

  • 2019 年 10 月 30 日
  • 筆記

mustache.js(3.0.0版本) 是一个javascript前端模板引擎。官方文档(https://github.com/janl/mustache.js)

根据官方介绍:Mustache可以被用于html文件、配置文件、源代码等很多场景。它的运行得益于扩展一些标签在模板文件中,然后使用一个hash字典或对象对其进行替换渲染操作。

基本语法如下:

1. {{ keyName }}: 读取属性值, 如果有html标签的话,会被转义。
2. {{{ keyName }}}: 读取属性值且原样输出,即html不进行转义。
3. {{ #keyName }} {{ /keyName }}: 用于遍历。
4. {{ ^keyName }} {{ /keyName }}: 反义数据,当keyName不存在、或为null,或为false时会生效。可以理解相当于我们js中的 !(非)。
5. {{.}}: 用于遍历数组。
6. {{ !comments }}: 用于注释。
7. Partials: 使用可重用的模板,使用方式:{{> 变量}}。

1. 变量 {{ keyName }} 或 {{{ keyName }}}

标签最主要是通过一个变量来使用。比如 {{ keyName }}标签在模板中会尝试查找keyName这个变量在当前的上下文中,如果上下文中不存在keyName变量,那么它会通过递归的方式依次查找它的父级元素,依次类推… 如果最顶级的上下文中依然找不到的话,那么该keyName变量就不会被渲染。否则的话,keyName标签就会被渲染。
如果变量中存在html标签会被转义的。因此如果我们不想html标签转义的话,我们可以使用三个花括号 {{{ keyName }}}.

比如如下列子:
项目基本结构如下:

|--- mustache 文件夹  | |--- index.html  | |--- mustache.js (库文件)

基本代码如下所示:

<!DOCTYPE html>  <html>  <head>    <title>mustache--demo</title>    <meta charset="utf-8">    <script type="text/javascript" src="./mustache.js"></script>  </head>  <body>    <script type="text/javascript">      var data = {        "name": "<a>kongzhi<a>",        "msg": {          "sex": " male ",          "age": "31",          "marriage": 'single'        }      }      var tpl = '<p> {{name}}</p>';      var html = Mustache.render(tpl, data);     console.log(html); // 打印如下:<p> &lt;a&gt;kongzhi&lt;a&gt;</p>   </script>  </body>  </html>

如上可以看到,我们name字段,存在a标签中的 < 或 > 被转义了,如果我们想它们不需要转义的话,我们需要使用三个花括号 {{{}}}。如下代码输出:

<!DOCTYPE html>  <html>  <head>    <title>mustache--demo</title>    <meta charset="utf-8">    <script type="text/javascript" src="./mustache.js"></script>  </head>  <body>    <script type="text/javascript">      var data = {        "name": "<a>kongzhi<a>",        "msg": {          "sex": " male ",          "age": "31"        }      }      var tpl = '<p> {{{name}}}</p>';      var html = Mustache.render(tpl, data);     console.log(html); // 打印 <p> <a>kongzhi<a></p>   </script>  </body>  </html>

当然如果我们上面不想使用三个花括号的话,我们也可以使用 & 告诉上下文不需要进行转义。比如 {{ &name }} 这样的,如上面的三个花括号 {{{ name }}}, 我们也可以改成 {{ &name }}; 效果是一样的。

2. 块

2.1 {{#keyName}} {{/keyName}}

{{#keyName}} 是一个标签,它的含义是块的意思。所谓块就是渲染一个区域的文本一次或多次。
块的开始形式是:{{#keyName}},结束形式是:{{/keyName}}。

我们可以使用该 {{#keyName}} {{/keyName}} 标签来遍历一个数组或对象。如下代码所示:

<!DOCTYPE html>  <html>  <head>    <title>mustache--demo</title>    <meta charset="utf-8">    <script type="text/javascript" src="./mustache.js"></script>  </head>  <body>    <script type="text/javascript">      var data = {        "name": "kongzhi",        "msg": {          "sex": " male ",          "age": "31",          "marriage": 'single'        }      }      var tpl = `{{ #msg }}<div>{{sex}}</div><div>{{age}}</div><div>{{marriage}}</div>{{ /msg }}`;      var html = Mustache.render(tpl, data);     console.log(html); // 打印 <div> male </div><div>31</div><div>single</div>   </script>  </body>  </html>

注意:如果上面的 msg 是一个布尔值 false的话,即 msg: false, 那么 tpl 模板不会被渲染。最后html为 ”; 但是如果 msg 的值是 msg: {} 这样的话,那么tpl会渲染,只是没有值而已,最后输出:'<div></div><div></div><div></div>’ 这样的。

Function

当keyName的值是一个可以被调用的对象,或者是一个函数的话,那么该函数会被调用并且传递标签包含的文本进去。如下代码所示:

<!DOCTYPE html>  <html>  <head>    <title>mustache--demo</title>    <meta charset="utf-8">    <script type="text/javascript" src="./mustache.js"></script>  </head>  <body>    <script type="text/javascript">      var data = {        "name": "kongzhi",        "msg": {          "sex": " male ",          "age": "31",          "marriage": 'single'        },        "wrapped": function() {          return function(text, render) {            return '<div>' + render(text) + '</div>'          }        }      }      var tpl = `{{#wrapped}} {{name}} is men {{/wrapped}}`;      var html = Mustache.render(tpl, data);     console.log(html); // 打印 <div> kongzhi is men </div>   </script>  </body>  </html>

如果该变量的值也是一个函数的话,那么我们也可以迭代上下文的数组。如下代码演示:

<!DOCTYPE html>  <html>  <head>    <title>mustache--demo</title>    <meta charset="utf-8">    <script type="text/javascript" src="./mustache.js"></script>  </head>  <body>    <script type="text/javascript">      var data = {        "msg": [          { 'firstName': 'kongzhi111', "lastName": 'kong' },          { 'firstName': 'kongzhi222', "lastName": 'zhi' }        ],        "name": function() {          return this.firstName + " " + this.lastName;        }      }      var tpl = `{{#msg}} {{name}} {{/msg}}`;      var html = Mustache.render(tpl, data);     console.log(html); // 打印 kongzhi111 kong  kongzhi222 zhi    </script>  </body>  </html>

2.2 {{ ^keyName }} {{ /keyName }}

{{ ^keyName }} {{ /keyName }} 的含义是:取相反的数据。当keyName不存在、或为null,或为false时会生效。可以理解相当于我们js中的 !(非) 如下代码所示:

<!DOCTYPE html>  <html>  <head>    <title>mustache--demo</title>    <meta charset="utf-8">    <script type="text/javascript" src="./mustache.js"></script>  </head>  <body>    <script type="text/javascript">      var data = {        "name": "kongzhi",        "msg": null // 为null, undefined, '' 或 false,数据才会被渲染      }      var tpl = `{{ ^msg }}<div>暂无数据</div>{{ /msg }}`;      var html = Mustache.render(tpl, data);     console.log(html); // 打印 <div>暂无数据</div>   </script>  </body>  </html>

2.3 {{.}}

{{.}} 也是可以遍历一个数组。

如下代码:

<!DOCTYPE html>  <html>  <head>    <title>mustache--demo</title>    <meta charset="utf-8">    <script type="text/javascript" src="./mustache.js"></script>  </head>  <body>    <script type="text/javascript">      var data = {        "name": "kongzhi",        "msg": ['111', '222', '333']      }      var tpl = `{{#msg}} {{.}} * {{/msg}}`;      var html = Mustache.render(tpl, data);     console.log(html); // 打印 111 *  222 *  333 *    </script>  </body>  </html>

3. {{ !comments }}

{{ !comments }} 可以理解为代码注释。良好的编码习惯,都会有一些注释来辅佐。同样在我们的 mustache中也存在注释的标签。
下面我们来看看如何使用注释:

如下代码:

<!DOCTYPE html>  <html>  <head>    <title>mustache--demo</title>    <meta charset="utf-8">    <script type="text/javascript" src="./mustache.js"></script>  </head>  <body>    <script type="text/javascript">      var data = {        "name": 'kongzhi'      }      var tpl = `<div>{{name}}</div>{{ ! 这是一段注释 }}`;      var html = Mustache.render(tpl, data);     console.log(html); // 打印 <div>kongzhi</div>    </script>  </body>  </html>

4. Partials的使用

Partials的含义是:使用可重用的模板,使用方式:{{> 变量}}. 相当于 include 的意思。

可以查看如下demo演示:

<!DOCTYPE html>  <html>  <head>    <title>mustache--demo</title>    <meta charset="utf-8">    <script type="text/javascript" src="./mustache.js"></script>  </head>  <body>    <script type="text/javascript">      var data = {        "name": "kongzhi",        "msg": ['111']      }      var tpl = `{{#msg}} {{.}} * <div>{{name}}</div> {{/msg}}`;      var html = Mustache.render(tpl, data);     console.log(html); // 打印 111 * <div>kongzhi</div>        /*       * 如上我们的tpl模板文件中引入了 <div>{{name}}</div> 模块,但是该模块在其他的地方       * 也使用到了,因此我们想让他当做一个模板定义,在需要的地方 引用进来。因此我们如下这样做了:       var data = {          "name": "kongzhi",          "msg": ['111']       }       var temp = `<div>{{name}}</div>`;       var tpl = `{{#msg}} {{.}} * {{> user }} {{/msg}}`;       var html = Mustache.render(tpl, data, {         user: temp       });       console.log(html); // 打印 111 * <div>kongzhi</div>      */   </script>  </body>  </html>

5. 设置分割符号

有些时候我们想修改一下 mustache默认的标签分割符号 {{}}. mustache也允许我们这样做的。并且修改的方法很简单。
比如说我们把分隔符改成 {% %} 这样的 ,或者 {{% %}}这样的,也是可以的。我们只需要 Mustache.render 方法中传递第四个参数,并且模板也需要改成这样的分割符号,如下代码所示:

<!DOCTYPE html>  <html>  <head>    <title>mustache--demo</title>    <meta charset="utf-8">    <script type="text/javascript" src="./mustache.js"></script>  </head>  <body>    <script type="text/javascript">      console.log(Mustache);      var data = {        "name": "kongzhi",        "msg": ['111']      }      var tpl = `{{%#msg%}} {{%.%}} * <div>{{%name%}}</div> {{%/msg%}}`;      var html = Mustache.render(tpl, data, {}, [ '{{%', '%}}' ]);     console.log(html); // 打印 111 * <div>kongzhi</div>     </script>  </body>  </html>

如上可以看到,我们在 Mustache.render 方法中,传递了第四个参数为 [ ‘{{%’, ‘%}}’ ],因此在模板中我们的开始标签需要使用 ‘{{%’这样的,在结束标签使用 ‘%}}’ 这样的即可。或者改成任何其他自己喜欢的分隔符都可以,关键设置第四个参数和模板要对应起来。

二:Mustache.js 源码分析

我们首先引入 mustache库文件后,然后我们在页面上打印 console.log(Mustache); 看到打印如下信息:

{    Context: fn(view, parentContext),    Scanner: fn,    Writer: fn,    clearCache: fn,    escape: function escapeHtml(){},    name: "mustache.js",    parse: fn(template, tags),    render: fn(template, view, partials, tags),    tags: ["{{", "}}"],    to_html: fn(template, view, partials, send),    version: "3.0.0"  }

如上我们可以看到我们的 Mustache.js 库对外提供了很多方法。下面我们来分析下源码:

1. 入口结构如下:

(function defineMustache (global, factory) {    /*     如下判断支持 CommonJS 规范引入文件 或 AMD 规范引入文件,或直接引入js文件,     Mustache 就是我们的全局变量对外暴露。    */    if (typeof exports === 'object' && exports && typeof exports.nodeName !== 'string') {      factory(exports); // CommonJS    } else if (typeof define === 'function' && define.amd) {      define(['exports'], factory); // AMD    } else {      global.Mustache = {};      factory(global.Mustache); // script, wsh, asp    }  }(this, function mustacheFactory(mustache) {      var objectToString = Object.prototype.toString;    /*     * 判断是否是一个数组的方法    */    var isArray = Array.isArray || function isArrayPolyfill (object) {      return objectToString.call(object) === '[object Array]';    };    // 对象是否是一个函数    function isFunction (object) {      return typeof object === 'function';    }    // 判断类型    function typeStr (obj) {      return isArray(obj) ? 'array' : typeof obj;    }    function escapeRegExp (string) {      return string.replace(/[-[]{}()*+?.,\^$|#s]/g, '\$&');    }    // 判断对象是否有该属性    function hasProperty (obj, propName) {      return obj != null && typeof obj === 'object' && (propName in obj);    }    // 判断原型上是否有该属性    function primitiveHasOwnProperty (primitive, propName) {      return (        primitive != null        && typeof primitive !== 'object'        && primitive.hasOwnProperty        && primitive.hasOwnProperty(propName)      );    }    // Workaround for https://issues.apache.org/jira/browse/COUCHDB-577    // See https://github.com/janl/mustache.js/issues/189    var regExpTest = RegExp.prototype.test;    function testRegExp (re, string) {      return regExpTest.call(re, string);    }      var nonSpaceRe = /S/;    function isWhitespace (string) {      return !testRegExp(nonSpaceRe, string);    }    // 对< > 等进行转义    var entityMap = {      '&': '&amp;',      '<': '&lt;',      '>': '&gt;',      '"': '&quot;',      "'": '&#39;',      '/': '&#x2F;',      '`': '&#x60;',      '=': '&#x3D;'    };    // 转换html标签进行转义操作    function escapeHtml (string) {      return String(string).replace(/[&<>"'`=/]/g, function fromEntityMap (s) {        return entityMap[s];      });    }      var whiteRe = /s*/;   // 匹配0个或多个空白    var spaceRe = /s+/;   // 匹配至少1个或多个空白    var equalsRe = /s*=/; // 匹配字符串 "=",且前面允许0个或多个空白符,比如 "=" 或 "  =" 这样的。    var curlyRe = /s*}/; // 匹配 "}" 或 " }"     var tagRe = /#|^|/|>|{|&|=|!/; // 匹配 '#', '^' , '/' , '>' , { , & , = , ! 任何一个字符     // ...... 代码略    mustache.name = 'mustache.js';    mustache.version = '3.0.0';    mustache.tags = [ '{{', '}}' ];    // ..... 代码略    mustache.escape = escapeHtml;      // Export these mainly for testing, but also for advanced usage.    mustache.Scanner = Scanner;    mustache.Context = Context;    mustache.Writer = Writer;    mustache.clearCache = function clearCache () {};    mustache.parse = function parse (template, tags) {};    mustache.render = function render (template, view, partials, tags) {};    mustache.to_html = function to_html (template, view, partials, send) {};  }));

如上代码内部的一些工具函数,稍微了解下就好。及把很多函数挂载到 mustache对外暴露的对象上。因此我们上面打印 console.log(Mustache);  就可以看到 该对象下有很多方法和属性,如上就是对外暴露的。

下面我们可以根据demo来分析,如下demo代码:

var data = {    "name": "kongzhi",    "msg": ['111']  }  var tpl = `{{#msg}} {{.}} * <div>{{name}}</div> {{/msg}}`;  var html = Mustache.render(tpl, data);  console.log(html); // 打印 111 * <div>kongzhi</div> 

从上面我们打印的 console.log(Mustache) 可知:该全局变量有很多方法,其中就有一个 render方法,该方法接收4个参数,如下代码:Mustache.render(tpl, data, ,partials, tags); 各个参数含义分别如下:tpl(模板),data(模板数据),partials(可重用的模板), tags(可自定义设置分隔符);

如上我们只传入两个参数,其中 tpl 是必须传递的参数,否则不传会报错。因此会调用内部 render() 方法,方法代码如下所示:

mustache.render = function render (template, view, partials, tags) {    if (typeof template !== 'string') {      throw new TypeError('Invalid template! Template should be a "string" ' +                          'but "' + typeStr(template) + '" was given as the first ' +                          'argument for mustache#render(template, view, partials)');    }      return defaultWriter.render(template, view, partials, tags);  };

然后返回 defaultWriter.render(template, view, partials, tags); 函数,defaultWriter 是 Writer方法的实列,因此它有Writer对象中所有的属性和方法。从源码中如下代码可知:

var defaultWriter = new Writer();

Write 函数原型上有如下方法:

function Writer () {    this.cache = {};  }  Writer.prototype.clearCache = function clearCache () {    this.cache = {};  };  Writer.prototype.parse = function parse (template, tags) {    // ...  };  Writer.prototype.render = function render (template, view, partials, tags) {    // ...  }  Writer.prototype.renderTokens = function renderTokens (tokens, context, partials, originalTemplate) {    // ...  }  Writer.prototype.renderSection = function renderSection (token, context, partials, originalTemplate) {    // ...  }  Writer.prototype.renderInverted = function renderInverted (token, context, partials, originalTemplate) {    // ...  }  Writer.prototype.renderPartial = function renderPartial (token, context, partials) {    // ...  }  Writer.prototype.unescapedValue = function unescapedValue (token, context) {    // ...  }  Writer.prototype.escapedValue = function escapedValue (token, context) {    // ...  }  Writer.prototype.rawValue = function rawValue (token) {    // ...  }

下面我们最主要看 Writer.prototype.render 中的方法吧,代码如下所示:

/*   @param {template} 值为:"{{#msg}} {{.}} * <div>{{name}}</div> {{/msg}}";   @param {view} 值为:{name: 'kongzhi', msg: ['111']}  */  Writer.prototype.render = function render (template, view, partials, tags) {    var tokens = this.parse(template, tags);    var context = (view instanceof Context) ? view : new Context(view);    return this.renderTokens(tokens, context, partials, template);  };

如上代码,我们首先会调用 this.parse(template, tags); 方法来解析该模板代码; 那么我们就继续看 parse 代码如下:

/*   @param {template} 值为:"{{#msg}} {{.}} * <div>{{name}}</div> {{/msg}}";   @param {tags} 值为:undefined  */  Writer.prototype.parse = function parse (template, tags) {    var cache = this.cache;    /*     template = "{{#msg}} {{.}} * <div>{{name}}</div> {{/msg}}";     tags的默认值:从源码可以看到:mustache.tags = [ '{{', '}}' ]; 因此:[ '{{', '}}' ].join(':') = "{{:}}";     因此:cacheKey的值返回 "{{#msg}} {{.}} * <div>{{name}}</div> {{/msg}}:{{:}}"    */    var cacheKey = template + ':' + (tags || mustache.tags).join(':');      // 第一次 cache 为 {}; 所以 第一次 tokens 返回undefined;     var tokens = cache[cacheKey];      /*      因此会进入 if语句内部,然后会调用 parseTemplate 模板进行解析,解析完成后,把结果返回 tokens = cache[cacheKey];    */    if (tokens == null)      tokens = cache[cacheKey] = parseTemplate(template, tags);    // 最后把token的值返回    return tokens;  };

如上代码解析,我们来看下 parseTemplate 函数代码如下:

/*   @param {template} 的值为:"{{#msg}} {{.}} * <div>{{name}}</div> {{/msg}}";   @param {tags} 的值为:undefined  */  function parseTemplate (template, tags) {    // 没有模板,直接返回 [];    if (!template)      return [];    var sections = [];    var tokens = [];    var spaces = [];    var hasTag = false;    var nonSpace = false;    // Strips all whitespace tokens array for the current line    // if there was a {{#tag}} on it and otherwise only space.    function stripSpace () {      if (hasTag && !nonSpace) {        while (spaces.length)          delete tokens[spaces.pop()];      } else {        spaces = [];      }        hasTag = false;      nonSpace = false;    }    var openingTagRe, closingTagRe, closingCurlyRe;    function compileTags (tagsToCompile) {      if (typeof tagsToCompile === 'string')        tagsToCompile = tagsToCompile.split(spaceRe, 2);        if (!isArray(tagsToCompile) || tagsToCompile.length !== 2)        throw new Error('Invalid tags: ' + tagsToCompile);        openingTagRe = new RegExp(escapeRegExp(tagsToCompile[0]) + '\s*');      closingTagRe = new RegExp('\s*' + escapeRegExp(tagsToCompile[1]));      closingCurlyRe = new RegExp('\s*' + escapeRegExp('}' + tagsToCompile[1]));    }    compileTags(tags || mustache.tags);    var scanner = new Scanner(template);    var start, type, value, chr, token, openSection;    while (!scanner.eos()) {      start = scanner.pos;      value = scanner.scanUntil(openingTagRe);        if (value) {        for (var i = 0, valueLength = value.length; i < valueLength; ++i) {          chr = value.charAt(i);          if (isWhitespace(chr)) {            spaces.push(tokens.length);          } else {            nonSpace = true;          }          tokens.push([ 'text', chr, start, start + 1 ]);          start += 1;          // Check for whitespace on the current line.          if (chr === 'n')            stripSpace();        }      }        // Match the opening tag.      if (!scanner.scan(openingTagRe))        break;        hasTag = true;        // Get the tag type.      type = scanner.scan(tagRe) || 'name';      scanner.scan(whiteRe);        // Get the tag value.      if (type === '=') {        value = scanner.scanUntil(equalsRe);        scanner.scan(equalsRe);        scanner.scanUntil(closingTagRe);      } else if (type === '{') {        value = scanner.scanUntil(closingCurlyRe);        scanner.scan(curlyRe);        scanner.scanUntil(closingTagRe);        type = '&';      } else {        value = scanner.scanUntil(closingTagRe);      }        // Match the closing tag.      if (!scanner.scan(closingTagRe))        throw new Error('Unclosed tag at ' + scanner.pos);        token = [ type, value, start, scanner.pos ];      tokens.push(token);        if (type === '#' || type === '^') {        sections.push(token);      } else if (type === '/') {        // Check section nesting.        openSection = sections.pop();          if (!openSection)          throw new Error('Unopened section "' + value + '" at ' + start);          if (openSection[1] !== value)          throw new Error('Unclosed section "' + openSection[1] + '" at ' + start);      } else if (type === 'name' || type === '{' || type === '&') {        nonSpace = true;      } else if (type === '=') {        // Set the tags for the next time around.        compileTags(value);      }    }    // Make sure there are no open sections when we're done.    openSection = sections.pop();      if (openSection)      throw new Error('Unclosed section "' + openSection[1] + '" at ' + scanner.pos);    return nestTokens(squashTokens(tokens));  }

如上是 parseTemplate 源码,首先会进入 parseTemplate 函数内部,代码依次往下看,我们会看到首先会调用compileTags函数, 该函数有一个参数 tagsToCompile。从源码上下文中可以看到 mustache.tags 默认值为:[ ‘{{‘, ‘}}’ ]; 因此 tagsToCompile = [ ‘{{‘, ‘}}’ ]; 如果 tagsToCompile 是字符串的话,就执行 tagsToCompile = tagsToCompile.split(spaceRe, 2); 这句代码。

注意:其实我觉得这边 typeof tagsToCompile === ‘string’ 不可能会是字符串,如果是字符串的话,那么在 parse 函数内部就会直接报错了,如下代码内部:

Writer.prototype.parse = function parse (template, tags) {    var cache = this.cache;    var cacheKey = template + ':' + (tags || mustache.tags).join(':');  } 

如上,如果tags 传值了的话,它一定是一个数组,如果是字符串的话,那么使用 join分隔符会报错的。
如果 tagsToCompile 不是一个数组 或 它的长度 不等于2的话,那么就抛出一个错误。因为开始标签和结束标签必须成对传递。

继续往下看代码:openingTagRe = new RegExp(escapeRegExp(tagsToCompile[0]) + ‘\s*’);

如上代码,首先会调用 escapeRegExp 函数,传递了一个参数 tagsToCompile[0],从上面分析我们知道 tagsToCompile = [ ‘{{‘, ‘}}’ ]; 因此 tagsToCompile[0] = ‘{{‘了。escapeRegExp 函数代码如下:

function escapeRegExp (string) {    // $& 的含义是:与 regexp 相匹配的子串。    return string.replace(/[-[]{}()*+?.,\^$|#s]/g, '\$&');  }

因此 代码实际就返回了这样的了 

return '{{'.replace(/[-[]{}()*+?.,\^$|#s]/g, '\$&'); 

$& 含义是 与 regexp 相匹配的子串;那么匹配了被替换的结果就是 “{{“;

因为 它匹配到 “{{“, 匹配到第一个 “{” 的话,结果被替换为 “{“, 同理匹配到第二个的时候 也是 ‘{‘; 因此结果就是:”{{“; 也可以理解对 { 进行字符串转义。
因此 openingTagRe = new RegExp(“{{” + ‘\s*’) = /{{s*/;   接着往下执行代码:closingTagRe = new RegExp(‘\s*’ + escapeRegExp(tagsToCompile[1]));
tagsToCompile[1] 值为 “}}”; 同理 escapeRegExp(tagsToCompile[1]) 结果就变为:”}}”;  因此 closingTagRe = new RegExp(“\s*” + “}}”) = /s*}}/;

从上面我们可知:openingTagRe 的含义可以理解为 开始标签,因此正则为 /{{s*/ 就是匹配 开始标签 “{{ ” 或 “{{“,后面允许0个或多个空白。因为我们编写html模板的时候会这样写 {{ xxx }} 这样的。 因此 openingTagRe = /{{s*/;  同理可知:closingTagRe 就是闭合标签了,因此正则需要为 /s*}}/; 那么可以匹配结束标签 ” }}” 或 “}}” 这样的了。因此 closingTagRe = /s*}}/;

继续往下执行代码:

closingCurlyRe = new RegExp('\s*' + escapeRegExp('}' + tagsToCompile[1]));    closingCurlyRe = new RegExp('\s*' + escapeRegExp('}' + "}}")) = /s*}}}/; 该closingCurlyRe是匹配 " }}}" 或 "}}}" 这样的。

继续往下看代码:var scanner = new Scanner(template);

如上代码,会实列化 Scanner 函数,该函数会传递一个 template参数进去,template参数的值为:”{{#msg}} {{.}} * <div>{{name}}</div> {{/msg}}”; 下面我们来看下 Scanner 函数源码如下:

function Scanner (string) {    this.string = string;    this.tail = string;    this.pos = 0;  };

因此可以分别得出如下值:

this.string 值为:"{{#msg}} {{.}} * <div>{{name}}</div> {{/msg}}";  this.tail 的值为:"{{#msg}} {{.}} * <div>{{name}}</div> {{/msg}}";  this.pos = 0;  因此 scanner 实例化的值为 = {      string: "{{#msg}} {{.}} * <div>{{name}}</div> {{/msg}}",      tail: "{{#msg}} {{.}} * <div>{{name}}</div> {{/msg}}",      pos: 0    };

继续看代码:var start, type, value, chr, token, openSection; 这些变量我们先不管他,然后继续代码往下:

然后就进入了while循环代码了,while (!scanner.eos()) {} 这样的。

eos方法如下所示:该方法的作用就是判断 scanner对象的 tail属性值是否等于空,如果等于空,说明模板数据已经被解析完成了。
如果解析完成了,就跳出while循环。如下代码:

Scanner.prototype.eos = function eos () {    return this.tail === '';  };

第一次调用 scanner.eos(); 结果返回 false; 因此进入 while循环内部,start = scanner.pos = 0;

1. 第一次while循环

代码初始化调用 value = scanner.scanUntil(openingTagRe); openingTagRe 值为 /{{s*/;  scanUntil函数代码如下:

Scanner.prototype.scanUntil = function scanUntil (re) {    var index = this.tail.search(re), match;    switch (index) {      case -1:        match = this.tail;        this.tail = '';        break;      case 0:        match = '';        break;      default:        match = this.tail.substring(0, index);        this.tail = this.tail.substring(index);    }    this.pos += match.length;    return match;  };

如上 Scanner.prototype.scanUntil 函数代码可以看到,这里的this指向了 scanner 对象,因此 this.tail = “{{#msg}} {{.}} * <div>{{name}}</div> {{/msg}}”; 
re = /{{s*/;  因此 var index = this.tail.search(re) = 0; 会进入 case 0: 的情况,因此 match = ”;  最后 this.pos += ”.length = this.pos + 0 = 0; 最后返回 match = ”; 因此 value = ”;  因此不会进入下面的 if(value){} 的语句里面,

scanner 此时值为:= {     pos: 0,     string: "{{#msg}} {{.}} * <div>{{name}}</div> {{/msg}}",     tail: "{{#msg}} {{.}} * <div>{{name}}</div> {{/msg}}"  }

继续往下代码执行 if (!scanner.scan(openingTagRe)) openingTagRe的值 = /{{s*/; 函数如下:

Scanner.prototype.scan = function scan (re) {   var match = this.tail.match(re);   if (!match || match.index !== 0)     return '';   var string = match[0];   this.tail = this.tail.substring(string.length);   this.pos += string.length;   return string;  };

1. if (!scanner.scan(openingTagRe)) {} 调用的时候,openingTagRe 值为 /{{s*/; 因此re的值为 /{{s*/ 此时 this.tail 值为 “{{#msg}} {{.}} * <div>{{name}}</div> {{/msg}}”,re的值为:/{{s*/;
var match = “{{#msg}} {{.}} * <div>{{name}}</div> {{/msg}}”.match(/{{s*/); 因此:

match = [       "{{",       index: 0,       groups: undefined,       input: "{{#msg}} {{.}} * <div>{{name}}</div> {{/msg}}"  ];

因此 var string = match[0]; 即:string = “{{“; this.tail = this.tail.substring(string.length); this.tail = “{{#msg}} {{.}} * <div>{{name}}</div> {{/msg}}”.substring(2); 最后 this.tail = “#msg}} {{.}} * <div>{{name}}</div> {{/msg}}”;
this.pos += “{{“.length = 2; 返回 return string; 最后返回 “{{“;

此时 scanner 的值为 = {        pos: 2,        tail: "#msg}} {{.}} * <div>{{name}}</div> {{/msg}}",        string: "{{#msg}} {{.}} * <div>{{name}}</div> {{/msg}}"  };

继续代码往下执行,看第二点解释:

2. 在parseTemplate函数中的 type = scanner.scan(tagRe) || ‘name’; 这个代码调用的时候;  此时:this.tail的值为 = “#msg}} {{.}} * <div>{{name}}</div> {{/msg}}”; tagRe 在页面初始化值为 = /#|^|/|>|{|&|=|!/; 因此 re = /#|^|/|>|{|&|=|!/; 因此 var match = this.tail.match(re) = “#msg}} {{.}} * <div>{{name}}</div> {{/msg}}”.match(/#|^|/|>|{|&|=|!/); 
即match的值为如下:

var match = [       "#",       index: 0,       groups: undefined,       input: "#msg}} {{.}} * <div>{{name}}</div> {{/msg}}"  ];

因此 var string = match[0]; 即:string = ‘#’; this.tail = this.tail.substring(string.length);  this.tail = “#msg}} {{.}} * <div>{{name}}</div> {{/msg}}”.substring(1);
最后 this.tail = “msg}} {{.}} * <div>{{name}}</div> {{/msg}}”;  this.pos += “#”.length = 3; 返回 return string; 最后返回 ‘#’;
最后返回 type 的值为 “#”;  此时的 scanner 的值为:

scanner = {       pos: 3,       tail: "msg}} {{.}} * <div>{{name}}</div> {{/msg}}",       string: "{{#msg}} {{.}} * <div>{{name}}</div> {{/msg}}"  }

代码继续往下执行,看下面第三点解释:

3. 在 parseTemplate函数中的 scanner.scan(whiteRe); 中调用。 whiteRe 在页面初始化的正则为:var whiteRe = /s*/;
从上面第二次调用的返回结果来看scanner的值为:

scanner的值为:= {      pos: 3,      tail: "msg}} {{.}} * <div>{{name}}</div> {{/msg}}",       string: "{{#msg}} {{.}} * <div>{{name}}</div> {{/msg}}"  };

此时:this.tail 的值为 = “msg}} {{.}} * <div>{{name}}</div> {{/msg}}”; re = /s*/;

Scanner.prototype.scan 函数源码如下(方便查看源码):

Scanner.prototype.scan = function scan (re) {         var match = this.tail.match(re);         if (!match || match.index !== 0)           return '';         var string = match[0];         this.tail = this.tail.substring(string.length);         this.pos += string.length;         return string;   };

因此 match = “msg}} {{.}} * <div>{{name}}</div> {{/msg}}”.match(/s*/);

var match = [          "",          index: 0,          group: undefined,          input: "msg}} {{.}} * <div>{{name}}</div> {{/msg}}"   ];

因此 var string = match[0]; 即:string = “”;  this.tail = this.tail.substring(0) = “msg}} {{.}} * <div>{{name}}</div> {{/msg}}”;
this.pos += 0; this.pos = 3; 返回 return string; 最后返回 “”;
此时的 scanner 的值为:

scanner = {          pos: 3,          tail: "msg}} {{.}} * <div>{{name}}</div> {{/msg}}",          string: "{{#msg}} {{.}} * <div>{{name}}</div> {{/msg}}"   };

由上面我们知道 type = “#”; 因此会直接跳到 else 代码内部。

if (type === '=') {          value = scanner.scanUntil(equalsRe);          scanner.scan(equalsRe);          scanner.scanUntil(closingTagRe);  } else if (type === '{') {          value = scanner.scanUntil(closingCurlyRe);          scanner.scan(curlyRe);          scanner.scanUntil(closingTagRe);          type = '&';  } else {          value = scanner.scanUntil(closingTagRe);  }

因此 value = scanner.scanUntil(closingTagRe); 执行,看如下代码解释:
函数代码如下:

Scanner.prototype.scanUntil = function scanUntil (re) {          var index = this.tail.search(re), match;          switch (index) {            case -1:              match = this.tail;              this.tail = '';              break;            case 0:              match = '';              break;            default:              match = this.tail.substring(0, index);              this.tail = this.tail.substring(index);          }          this.pos += match.length;          return match;   };

scanner.scanUntil(closingTagRe);调用的时候;closingTagRe = “/s*}}/”;
因此 re = “/s*}}/”; 从上面分析我们可以知道,最终 scanner 对象返回的值如下:

scanner = {          pos: 3,          string: "{{#msg}} {{.}} * <div>{{name}}</div> {{/msg}}",          tail: "msg}} {{.}} * <div>{{name}}</div> {{/msg}}"  };

因此 此时的 var index = this.tail.search(re) = “msg}} {{.}} * <div>{{name}}</div> {{/msg}}”.search(/s*}}/) = 3;
因此会进入 default 的情况下;match = this.tail.substring(0, index);  match = “msg}} {{.}} * <div>{{name}}</div> {{/msg}}”.substring(0, 3); = “msg”;
因此 this.tail = this.tail.substring(index);  this.tail = “msg}} {{.}} * <div>{{name}}</div> {{/msg}}”.substring(3);
最后 this.tail 的值为 = “}} {{.}} * <div>{{name}}</div> {{/msg}}”;  this.pos += match.length; 因此 this.pos = 3 + 3 = 6; 
最后返回 match; 因此最后就返回 “msg” 字符串了。
此时我们再看下 scanner 的值为如下:

scanner = {          pos: 6,          string: "{{#msg}} {{.}} * <div>{{name}}</div> {{/msg}}",          tail: "}} {{.}} * <div>{{name}}</div> {{/msg}}"   };

4. 在 parseTemplate 函数 内部中 if (!scanner.scan(closingTagRe)) 这句代码时候调用。
此时 scanner 的值如下所示:

scanner = {           pos: 6,           string: "{{#msg}} {{.}} * <div>{{name}}</div> {{/msg}}",           tail: "}} {{.}} * <div>{{name}}</div> {{/msg}}"  };  closingTagRe = "/s*}}/";

Scanner.prototype.scan 函数源码如下(方便查看源码):

Scanner.prototype.scan = function scan (re) {           var match = this.tail.match(re);           if (!match || match.index !== 0)             return '';           var string = match[0];           this.tail = this.tail.substring(string.length);           this.pos += string.length;           return string;  };

此时 this.tail 的值为 = “}} {{.}} * <div>{{name}}</div> {{/msg}}”; re = /s*}}/;
var match = “}} {{.}} * <div>{{name}}</div> {{/msg}}”.match(/s*}}/);

var match = {           "}}",           groups: undefined,           index: 0,           input: "}} {{.}} * <div>{{name}}</div> {{/msg}}"  };  var string = match[0] = "}}";  this.tail = this.tail.substring(string.length);

因此 this.tail = “}} {{.}} * <div>{{name}}</div> {{/msg}}”.substring(2);
最后 this.tail = ” {{.}} * <div>{{name}}</div> {{/msg}}”;
this.pos += “}}”.length = 8;
最后返回 “}}”; 因此此时的 scannel 的值变为如下:

scanner = {           pos: 8,           string: "{{#msg}} {{.}} * <div>{{name}}</div> {{/msg}}",           tail: " {{.}} * <div>{{name}}</div> {{/msg}}"   };

代码继续往下执行, 如下代码:

token = [ type, value, start, scanner.pos ];  tokens.push(token);  if (type === '#' || type === '^') {      sections.push(token);   } else if (type === '/') {           // ...   } else if (type === 'name' || type === '{' || type === '&') {        nonSpace = true;   } else if (type === '=') {        // Set the tags for the next time around.        compileTags(value);   }

因此 token = [“#”, “msg”, 0, 8]; tokens = [[“#”, “msg”, 0, 8]];
因为 type = “#”, 因此进入第一个if循环内部。因此 sections = [[“#”, “msg”, 0, 8]];

2. 第二次while循环
此时的 scannel 的值为如下:

scanner = {         pos: 8,         string: "{{#msg}} {{.}} * <div>{{name}}</div> {{/msg}}",         tail: " {{.}} * <div>{{name}}</div> {{/msg}}"   };

因此 start = 8;
继续执行如下代码:

value = scanner.scanUntil(openingTagRe);  scanUtil 源码函数如下(为了方便理解,继续贴下代码)  Scanner.prototype.scanUntil = function scanUntil (re) {          var index = this.tail.search(re), match;          switch (index) {            case -1:              match = this.tail;              this.tail = '';              break;            case 0:              match = '';              break;            default:              match = this.tail.substring(0, index);              this.tail = this.tail.substring(index);          }          this.pos += match.length;          return match;   };

openingTagRe的值为:openingTagRe = /{{s*/; 因此 re = /{{s*/;  执行代码:var index = this.tail.search(re), match;
由上返回的数据可知:this.tail = ” {{.}} * <div>{{name}}</div> {{/msg}}”;   因此 var index = ” {{.}} * <div>{{name}}</div> {{/msg}}”.search(/{{s*/) = 1;
同理进入default语句内部,因此 match = this.tail.substring(0, index);
match = ” {{.}} * <div>{{name}}</div> {{/msg}}”.substring(0, 1) = ” “;
this.tail = this.tail.substring(index);
this.tail = ” {{.}} * <div>{{name}}</div> {{/msg}}”.substring(1);
最后 this.tail = “{{.}} * <div>{{name}}</div> {{/msg}}”;
this.pos += match.length;
this.pos = 8 + 1 = 9;
最后返回 return match; 返回 ” “;
因此 此时 scanner 的值变为如下:

scanner = {     pos: 9,     string: "{{#msg}} {{.}} * <div>{{name}}</div> {{/msg}}",     tail: "{{.}} * <div>{{name}}</div> {{/msg}}"   };

执行完成后,value 此时的值为 ” “; 因此会进入 if (value) {} 的内部代码。

注意:if(“”) {} 和 if (” “) {} 结果是不一样的。 “”.length = 0; ” “.length = 1; 源码如下(方便代码理解):

var regExpTest = RegExp.prototype.test;       function testRegExp (re, string) {         return regExpTest.call(re, string);       }       var nonSpaceRe = /S/; // 匹配非空白字符       function isWhitespace (string) {         return !testRegExp(nonSpaceRe, string);       }       if (value) {        for (var i = 0, valueLength = value.length; i < valueLength; ++i) {          chr = value.charAt(i);            if (isWhitespace(chr)) {            spaces.push(tokens.length);          } else {            nonSpace = true;          }            tokens.push([ 'text', chr, start, start + 1 ]);          start += 1;            // Check for whitespace on the current line.          if (chr === 'n')            stripSpace();        }      }

因此 chr = ‘ ‘; 调用 isWhitespace(chr); 方法,其实就是调用了 RegExp.prototype.test.call(/S/, ‘ ‘); 判断 ‘ ‘ 是否是非空白字符,因此返回false,在 isWhitespace 函数内部,使用了 !符号,因此最后返回true。
spaces.push(tokens.length); 从上面代码可知,我们知道 tokens = [[“#”, “msg”, 0, 8]];
因此 spaces = [1]; tokens.push([ ‘text’, chr, start, start + 1 ]); 执行后 tokens的值变为如下:
tokens = [[“#”, “msg”, 0, 8], [‘text’, ‘ ‘, 8, 9]]; start +=1; 因此 start = 9;
如果 chr === ‘n’; 则执行 stripSpace()方法,这里为false,因此不执行。
继续执行如下代码:

if (!scanner.scan(openingTagRe))        break;  openingTagRe的值为:openingTagRe = /{{s*/;

scan 函数代码如下:

Scanner.prototype.scan = function scan (re) {        var match = this.tail.match(re);          if (!match || match.index !== 0)          return '';          var string = match[0];          this.tail = this.tail.substring(string.length);        this.pos += string.length;          return string;  };

因此 re = /{{s*/; 从上面可知,我们的scanner的值为如下:

scanner = {        pos: 9,        string: "{{#msg}} {{.}} * <div>{{name}}</div> {{/msg}}",        tail: "{{.}} * <div>{{name}}</div> {{/msg}}"  };

继续执行 Scanner.prototype.scan() 函数内部代码:
var match = this.tail.match(re) = “{{.}} * <div>{{name}}</div> {{/msg}}”.match(/{{s*/);
因此 match的匹配结果如下:

var match = [        "{{",        index: 0,        groups: undefined,        input: "{{.}} * <div>{{name}}</div> {{/msg}}"  ];  var string = match[0] = "{{";  this.tail = this.tail.substring(string.length);

因此 this.tail = “{{.}} * <div>{{name}}</div> {{/msg}}”.substring(2);
最后 this.tail = “.}} * <div>{{name}}</div> {{/msg}}”;
this.pos += string.length; 因此 this.pos = 9 + 2 = 11;
最后返回 return string; 即返回 “{{“;
因此 此时 scanner 的值变为如下:

scanner = {        pos: 11,        string: "{{#msg}} {{.}} * <div>{{name}}</div> {{/msg}}",        tail: ".}} * <div>{{name}}</div> {{/msg}}"  };

接着继续执行代码:type = scanner.scan(tagRe) || ‘name’;
tagRe 在页面是定义的正则为:/#|^|/|>|{|&|=|!/;
因此又会执行 Scanner.prototype.scan = function scan (re) {}, 代码如下:

Scanner.prototype.scan = function scan (re) {        var match = this.tail.match(re);        if (!match || match.index !== 0)          return '';        var string = match[0];        this.tail = this.tail.substring(string.length);        this.pos += string.length;        return string;  }

由上面可知: 

scanner = {        pos: 11,        string: "{{#msg}} {{.}} * <div>{{name}}</div> {{/msg}}",        tail: ".}} * <div>{{name}}</div> {{/msg}}"  };  re = /#|^|/|>|{|&|=|!/;

因此 var match = this.tail.match(re) = ".}} * <div>{{name}}</div> {{/msg}}".match(/#|^|/|>|{|&|=|!/);

var match = [        ">",        index: 10,        groups: undefined,        input: ".}} * <div>{{name}}</div> {{/msg}}"  ];

如上代码:match.index === 10; 因此 不等于0;所以就直接返回 ”; 跳出函数,因此 type = ‘name’ 了;
继续执行如下代码:scanner.scan(whiteRe); whiteRe = /s*/;
还是一样执行 Scanner.prototype.scan = function scan (re) {} 函数;
因此 var match = “.}} * <div>{{name}}</div> {{/msg}}”.match(/s*/);

var match = [        '',        groups: undefined,        index: 0,        input: ".}} * <div>{{name}}</div> {{/msg}}"  ];

再接着执行代码 var string = match[0] = ”;
this.tail = this.tail.substring(0) = “.}} * <div>{{name}}</div> {{/msg}}”;
this.pos += string.length = 11 + 0 = 11;
此时 scanner 的值,和上一步的值一样:

scanner = {        pos: 11,        string: "{{#msg}} {{.}} * <div>{{name}}</div> {{/msg}}",        tail: ".}} * <div>{{name}}</div> {{/msg}}"   };

最后返回 空字符串 ”;
如上我们知道 type = ‘name’; 因此 继续进入如下else代码:

if (type === '=') {    } else if (type === '{') {    } else {        value = scanner.scanUntil(closingTagRe);  }

再来看下 scanUntil 代码如下:

Scanner.prototype.scanUntil = function scanUntil (re) {        var index = this.tail.search(re), match;        switch (index) {          case -1:            match = this.tail;            this.tail = '';            break;          case 0:            match = '';            break;          default:            match = this.tail.substring(0, index);            this.tail = this.tail.substring(index);        }        this.pos += match.length;        return match;  };

如上代码:closingTagRe = /s*}}/;
var index = this.tail.search(re) = “.}} * <div>{{name}}</div> {{/msg}}”.search(/s*}}/) = 1;
因此进入 default语句内部。
因此 match = this.tail.substring(0, index) = “.}} * <div>{{name}}</div> {{/msg}}”.substring(0, 1);
match = ‘.’;
this.tail = this.tail.substring(index) = “.}} * <div>{{name}}</div> {{/msg}}”.substring(1);
因此 this.tail = “}} * <div>{{name}}</div> {{/msg}}”;
this.pos += match.length = 11 + 1 = 12; 最后 return match; 返回 ‘.’;
此时 scanner的值为如下:

scanner = {        pos: 12,        string: "{{#msg}} {{.}} * <div>{{name}}</div> {{/msg}}",        tail: "}} * <div>{{name}}</div> {{/msg}}"  };

接着继续执行 if (!scanner.scan(closingTagRe)){} 代码; closingTagRe = /s*}}/; 

Scanner.prototype.scan = function scan (re) {        var match = this.tail.match(re);        if (!match || match.index !== 0)          return '';        var string = match[0];        this.tail = this.tail.substring(string.length);        this.pos += string.length;        return string;   };

因此调用 Scanner.prototype.scan() 函数后,

var match = "}} * <div>{{name}}</div> {{/msg}}".match(/s*}}/);      var match = [        "}}",        groups: undefined,        index: 0,        input: "}} * <div>{{name}}</div> {{/msg}}"      ];   var string = match[0] = "}}";   this.tail = this.tail.substring(string.length);

因此 this.tail = “}} * <div>{{name}}</div> {{/msg}}”.substring(2);
最后 this.tail = ” * <div>{{name}}</div> {{/msg}}”;
this.pos = 12 + 2 = 14;
最后 return string; 返回 “}}”;
此时 scanner的值为如下:

scanner = {        pos: 14,        string: "{{#msg}} {{.}} * <div>{{name}}</div> {{/msg}}",        tail: " * <div>{{name}}</div> {{/msg}}"   };

继续执行代码:token = [ type, value, start, scanner.pos ];
因此 token = [‘name’, ‘.’, 9, 14];
继续往下执行代码:
tokens.push(token);

因此此时 tokens = [        ["#", "msg", 0, 8],        ['text', ' ', 8, 9],        ["name", ".", 9, 14]   ];

此时 type = ‘name’; 因此 nonSpace = true; 执行完成后。继续while循环。

第三次while循环

此时scanner值为如下:

scanner = {      pos: 14,      string: "{{#msg}} {{.}} * <div>{{name}}</div> {{/msg}}",      tail: " * <div>{{name}}</div> {{/msg}}"    };

start = scanner.pos; 因此 start = 14;
value = scanner.scanUntil(openingTagRe); 执行这句代码:
openingTagRe = /{{s*/;

Scanner.prototype.scanUntil = function scanUntil (re) {      var index = this.tail.search(re), match;      switch (index) {        case -1:          match = this.tail;          this.tail = '';          break;        case 0:          match = '';          break;        default:          match = this.tail.substring(0, index);          this.tail = this.tail.substring(index);      }      this.pos += match.length;      return match;    };

var index = this.tail.search(re) = ” * <div>{{name}}</div> {{/msg}}”.search(/{{s*/);
因此 var index = 8;
然后又继续进入 default语句;此时 match = this.tail.substring(0, index);
match = ” * <div>{{name}}</div> {{/msg}}”.substring(0, 8) = ” * <div>”;
this.tail = this.tail.substring(index) = ” * <div>{{name}}</div> {{/msg}}”.substring(8);
因此 this.tail = “{{name}}</div> {{/msg}}”;
this.pos += match.length = 14 + 8 = 22;
因此 此时scanner值为如下:

scanner = {      pos: 22,      string: "{{#msg}} {{.}} * <div>{{name}}</div> {{/msg}}",      tail: "{{name}}</div> {{/msg}}"    };

最后返回 ” * <div>” 赋值给 value;
因此继续进入 if (value) {} 代码内部:

if (value) {      for (var i = 0, valueLength = value.length; i < valueLength; ++i) {        chr = value.charAt(i);        if (isWhitespace(chr)) {          spaces.push(tokens.length);        } else {          nonSpace = true;        }        tokens.push([ 'text', chr, start, start + 1 ]);        start += 1;        // Check for whitespace on the current line.        if (chr === 'n')          stripSpace();      }    }    var regExpTest = RegExp.prototype.test;    function testRegExp (re, string) {      return regExpTest.call(re, string);    }      var nonSpaceRe = /S/;    function isWhitespace (string) {      return !testRegExp(nonSpaceRe, string);    }

而此时 value.length = 8了;因此在for语句需要循环8次。        i = 0:chr = value.charAt(i) = " * <div>".charAt(0) = " "; 执行 isWhitespace(chr); 函数代码,如下代码:      RegExp.prototype.test.call(/S/, ' '); 判断 ' ' 是否是非空白字符,因此返回false,因此 !false 就是true了。      因此 执行 spaces.push(tokens.length);      之前tokens = [["#", "msg", 0, 8],["text", " ", 8, 9],["name", ".", 9, 14]]; spaces = [1];      因此此时 spaces = [1, 3]; 了。      接着执行 tokens.push([ 'text', chr, start, start + 1 ]);      因此 tokens = [        ["#", "msg", 0, 8],        ["text", " ", 8, 9],        ["name", ".", 9, 14],        ["text", " ", 14, 15],      ];      start += 1; 因此 start = 15;        i = 1:chr = value.charAt(i) = " * <div>".charAt(1) = "*"; 执行 isWhitespace(chr); 返回false; 因此进入else      语句; 此时:nonSpace = true; 继续执行代码:tokens.push([ 'text', chr, start, start + 1 ]); 因此tokens的值变为      如下:      tokens = [        ["#", "msg", 0, 8],        ["text", " ", 8, 9],        ["name", ".", 9, 14],        ["text", " ", 14, 15],        ["text", "*", 15, 16]      ];      start += 1; 因此 start = 16;        i = 2:chr = value.charAt(i) = " * <div>".charAt(2) = " "; 执行 isWhitespace(chr); 返回true; 和第一步一样,      因此 执行 spaces.push(tokens.length); 因此 spaces.push(tokens.length); 即 spaces = [1, 3, 5];      继续执行代码:tokens.push([ 'text', chr, start, start + 1 ]); 因此tokens的值变为如下:      tokens = [        ["#", "msg", 0, 8],        ["text", " ", 8, 9],        ["name", ".", 9, 14],        ["text", " ", 14, 15],        ["text", "*", 15, 16],        ["text", " ", 16, 17]      ];      start +=1; 因此 start = 17;        i = 3: chr = value.charAt(i) = " * <div>".charAt(3) = "<"; 执行 isWhitespace(chr); 返回false, 因此进入else      语句。此时:nonSpace = true; 继续执行代码:tokens.push([ 'text', chr, start, start + 1 ]); 因此tokens的值变为      如下:      tokens = [        ["#", "msg", 0, 8],        ["text", " ", 8, 9],        ["name", ".", 9, 14],        ["text", " ", 14, 15],        ["text", "*", 15, 16],        ["text", " ", 16, 17],        ["text", "<", 17, 18]      ];      start +=1; 因此 start = 18;        i = 4: 同理,和第三步一样。因此 chr = 'd'; 因此tokens的值变为      如下:      tokens = [        ["#", "msg", 0, 8],        ["text", " ", 8, 9],        ["name", ".", 9, 14],        ["text", " ", 14, 15],        ["text", "*", 15, 16],        ["text", " ", 16, 17],        ["text", "<", 17, 18],        ["text", "d", 18, 19]      ];      start +=1; 因此 start = 19;        i = 5; 同理,和第三步一样。因此 chr = 'i'; 最后tokens的值变为:      tokens = [        ["#", "msg", 0, 8],        ["text", " ", 8, 9],        ["name", ".", 9, 14],        ["text", " ", 14, 15],        ["text", "*", 15, 16],        ["text", " ", 16, 17],        ["text", "<", 17, 18],        ["text", "d", 18, 19],        ["text", "i", 19, 20]      ];      start +=1; 因此 start = 20;        i = 6; 同理,和第三步一样。因此 chr = 'v'; 最后tokens的值变为:      tokens = [        ["#", "msg", 0, 8],        ["text", " ", 8, 9],        ["name", ".", 9, 14],        ["text", " ", 14, 15],        ["text", "*", 15, 16],        ["text", " ", 16, 17],        ["text", "<", 17, 18],        ["text", "d", 18, 19],        ["text", "i", 19, 20],        ["text", "v", 20, 21],      ];      start +=1; 因此 start = 21;        i = 7; 同理,和第三步一样。因此 chr = '>'; 最后tokens的值变为:      tokens = [        ["#", "msg", 0, 8],        ["text", " ", 8, 9],        ["name", ".", 9, 14],        ["text", " ", 14, 15],        ["text", "*", 15, 16],        ["text", " ", 16, 17],        ["text", "<", 17, 18],        ["text", "d", 18, 19],        ["text", "i", 19, 20],        ["text", "v", 20, 21],        ["text", ">", 21, 22]      ];      start +=1; 因此 start = 22;  ng: "{{#msg}} {{.}} * <div>{{name}}</div> {{/msg}}",        tail: "{{name}}</div> {{/msg}}"      }

继续执行代码:if (!scanner.scan(openingTagRe)) {}; 因此进入 Scanner.prototype.scan = function scan (re) {} 函数代码内部。源码如下:

Scanner.prototype.scan = function scan (re) {        var match = this.tail.match(re);        if (!match || match.index !== 0)          return '';        var string = match[0];        this.tail = this.tail.substring(string.length);        this.pos += string.length;        return string;      };

re 值 = /{{s*/; 此时 scanner 值为如下:

scanner = {        pos: 22,        string: "{{#msg}} {{.}} * <div>{{name}}</div> {{/msg}}",        tail: "{{name}}</div> {{/msg}}"      }

因此 var match = “{{name}}</div> {{/msg}}”.match(/{{s*/);

var match = [        "{{",        index: 0,        groups: undefined,        input: "{{name}}</div> {{/msg}}"      ];

var string = match[0]; 因此 var string = “{{“;
this.tail = this.tail.substring(string.length) = “{{name}}</div> {{/msg}}”.substring(2);
因此:this.tail = “name}}</div> {{/msg}}”;
this.pos += string.length; this.pos = 22 + 2 = 24; 最后返回 “{{“. 因此此时 scanner的值变为如下:

scanner = {        pos: 24,        string: "{{#msg}} {{.}} * <div>{{name}}</div> {{/msg}}",        tail: "name}}</div> {{/msg}}"      };

继续执行代码:type = scanner.scan(tagRe) || ‘name’;
函数代码如下:

Scanner.prototype.scan = function scan (re) {        var match = this.tail.match(re);        if (!match || match.index !== 0)          return '';        var string = match[0];        this.tail = this.tail.substring(string.length);        this.pos += string.length;        return string;      };

如上:tagRe = /#|^|/|>|{|&|=|!/; this.tail = “name}}</div> {{/msg}}”;
因此 var match = “name}}</div> {{/msg}}”.match(/#|^|/|>|{|&|=|!/);

var match = [        '/',        index: 7,        groups: undefined,        input: "name}}</div> {{/msg}}"      ];

由于 match.index !== 0; 因此直接 返回 ”; 此时 type = ‘name’;
继续执行代码:scanner.scan(whiteRe); whiteRe 的值 = /s*/; 然后又调用 Scanner.prototype.scan 函数。
因此 var match = “name}}</div> {{/msg}}”.match(/s*/);

var match = [        "",        index: 0,        groups: undefined,        input: "name}}</div> {{/msg}}"      ];      var string = match[0] = "";      this.tail = this.tail.substring(string.length);      this.tail = this.tail.substring(0);      this.tail = "name}}</div> {{/msg}}";      this.pos = 24;

最后 返回 return string; 返回 “”;
此时 scanner 的值变为如下:

scanner = {        pos: 24,        string: "{{#msg}} {{.}} * <div>{{name}}</div> {{/msg}}",        tail: "name}}</div> {{/msg}}"      };

由于上面 type = “name”; 因此 就会执行 else 语句代码,因此 执行 value = scanner.scanUntil(closingTagRe);

Scanner.prototype.scanUntil = function scanUntil (re) {        var index = this.tail.search(re), match;        switch (index) {          case -1:            match = this.tail;            this.tail = '';            break;          case 0:            match = '';            break;          default:            match = this.tail.substring(0, index);            this.tail = this.tail.substring(index);        }        this.pos += match.length;        return match;      };      var closingTagRe = /s*}}/;

因此继续调用 Scanner.prototype.scanUntil 函数。
因此 var index = “name}}</div> {{/msg}}”.search(/s*}}/) = 4;
因此 继续进入 default语句代码;
match = “name}}</div> {{/msg}}”.substring(0, 4);
match = “name”;
this.tail = “name}}</div> {{/msg}}”.substring(4) = “}}</div> {{/msg}}”;
this.pos += match.length = 24 + 4 = 28;
最后我们返回 return “name”; 此时 scanner 的值变为如下:

scanner = {        pos: 28,        tail: "}}</div> {{/msg}}",        string: "{{#msg}} {{.}} * <div>{{name}}</div> {{/msg}}"      };

因此 value = “name”;
继续执行下面的代码:
if (!scanner.scan(closingTagRe)) {};
又会调用 Scanner.prototype.scan = function scan (re) {} 函数代码了。
代码如下:

Scanner.prototype.scan = function scan (re) {        var match = this.tail.match(re);        if (!match || match.index !== 0)          return '';        var string = match[0];        this.tail = this.tail.substring(string.length);        this.pos += string.length;        return string;      };

因此值分别为如下:

var match = "}}</div> {{/msg}}".match(/s*}}/);      var match = [        "}}",        index: 0,        groups: undefined,        input: "}}</div> {{/msg}}"      ];      var string = match[0] = "}}";      this.tail = this.tail.substring(string.length) = "}}</div> {{/msg}}".substring(2);      this.tail = "</div> {{/msg}}";      this.pos += string.length; this.pos = 28 + 2 = 30;

最后我们返回 “}}”. 因此此时 scanner 的值变为如下:

scanner = {        pos: 30,        tail: "</div> {{/msg}}",        string: "{{#msg}} {{.}} * <div>{{name}}</div> {{/msg}}"      };

继续执行代码: token = [ type, value, start, scanner.pos ]; 代码;因此token的值为如下:
token = [‘name’, ‘name’, 22, 30];
继续执行 tokens.push(token); 因此 tokens的值变为如下:

tokens = [        ["#", "msg", 0, 8],        ["text", " ", 8, 9],        ["name", ".", 9, 14],        ["text", " ", 14, 15],        ["text", "*", 15, 16],        ["text", " ", 16, 17],        ["text", "<", 17, 18],        ["text", "d", 18, 19],        ["text", "i", 19, 20],        ["text", "v", 20, 21],        ["text", ">", 21, 22],        ["name", "name", 22, 30]      ];

由于 type = “name”; 因此 nonSpace = true;

第四次while循环

此时 scanner = {      pos: 30,      string: "{{#msg}} {{.}} * <div>{{name}}</div> {{/msg}}",      tail: "</div> {{/msg}}"    };    start = scanner.pos; start = 30;    // Match any text between tags.    value = scanner.scanUntil(openingTagRe);    openingTagRe 值为:openingTagRe = /{{s*/;

调用 scanUntil 函数代码如下:

Scanner.prototype.scanUntil = function scanUntil (re) {      var index = this.tail.search(re), match;      switch (index) {        case -1:          match = this.tail;          this.tail = '';          break;        case 0:          match = '';          break;        default:          match = this.tail.substring(0, index);          this.tail = this.tail.substring(index);      }      this.pos += match.length;      return match;    };    var index = "</div> {{/msg}}".search(/{{s*/);    var index = 7;

因此 进入 default 语句代码:
match = this.tail.substring(0, index) = “</div> {{/msg}}”.substring(0, 7);
因此 match = “</div> “;
this.tail = this.tail.substring(index) = “</div> {{/msg}}”.substring(7);
this.tail = “{{/msg}}”;
this.pos += match.length = 30 + 7 = 37;
最后返回 return match; 因此 返回 “</div> “;
此时 scanner 的值变为如下:

scanner = {      pos: 37,      tail: "{{/msg}}",      string: "{{#msg}} {{.}} * <div>{{name}}</div> {{/msg}}"    };

因此 value = “</div> “;
因此会进入 if (value) {}; 语句代码,如下所示:

if (value) {      for (var i = 0, valueLength = value.length; i < valueLength; ++i) {        chr = value.charAt(i);        if (isWhitespace(chr)) {          spaces.push(tokens.length);        } else {          nonSpace = true;        }        tokens.push([ 'text', chr, start, start + 1 ]);        start += 1;        // Check for whitespace on the current line.        if (chr === 'n')          stripSpace();      }    }

由于value的值为 “</div> “; 长度为7. 因此会在内部for循环中循环7次。依次看下:

1. i = 0;      执行 chr = value.charAt(i); 因此 chr = "<"; 此时 chr 不是空白字符,因此该 isWhitespace(chr) 函数返回false。      因此 nonSpace = true; 接着执行:tokens.push([ 'text', chr, start, start + 1 ]); 因此 tokens的值变为如下:      tokens = [        ["#", "msg", 0, 8],        ["text", " ", 8, 9],        ["name", ".", 9, 14],        ["text", " ", 14, 15],        ["text", "*", 15, 16],        ["text", " ", 16, 17],        ["text", "<", 17, 18],        ["text", "d", 18, 19],        ["text", "i", 19, 20],        ["text", "v", 20, 21],        ["text", ">", 21, 22],        ["name", "name", 22, 30],        ["text", "<", 30, 31]      ];      start += 1; 因此 start 值为 31.        2. i = 1;      同第一步一样,因此 chr = "/"; 因此 tokens的值变为如下:      tokens = [        ["#", "msg", 0, 8],        ["text", " ", 8, 9],        ["name", ".", 9, 14],        ["text", " ", 14, 15],        ["text", "*", 15, 16],        ["text", " ", 16, 17],        ["text", "<", 17, 18],        ["text", "d", 18, 19],        ["text", "i", 19, 20],        ["text", "v", 20, 21],        ["text", ">", 21, 22],        ["name", "name", 22, 30],        ["text", "<", 30, 31],        ["text", "/", 31, 32]      ];      start += 1; 因此 start 值为 32.        3. i = 2;      同第一步一样,因此 chr = "d"; 因此 tokens的值变为如下:      tokens = [        ["#", "msg", 0, 8],        ["text", " ", 8, 9],        ["name", ".", 9, 14],        ["text", " ", 14, 15],        ["text", "*", 15, 16],        ["text", " ", 16, 17],        ["text", "<", 17, 18],        ["text", "d", 18, 19],        ["text", "i", 19, 20],        ["text", "v", 20, 21],        ["text", ">", 21, 22],        ["name", "name", 22, 30],        ["text", "<", 30, 31],        ["text", "/", 31, 32],        ["text", "d", 32, 33]      ];      start += 1; 因此 start 值为 33.        4. i = 3;      同第一步一样,因此 chr = "i"; 因此 tokens的值变为如下:      tokens = [        ["#", "msg", 0, 8],        ["text", " ", 8, 9],        ["name", ".", 9, 14],        ["text", " ", 14, 15],        ["text", "*", 15, 16],        ["text", " ", 16, 17],        ["text", "<", 17, 18],        ["text", "d", 18, 19],        ["text", "i", 19, 20],        ["text", "v", 20, 21],        ["text", ">", 21, 22],        ["name", "name", 22, 30],        ["text", "<", 30, 31],        ["text", "/", 31, 32],        ["text", "d", 32, 33],        ["text", "i", 33, 34]      ];      start += 1; 因此 start 值为 34.        5. i = 4;      同第一步一样,因此 chr = "i"; 因此 tokens的值变为如下:      tokens = [        ["#", "msg", 0, 8],        ["text", " ", 8, 9],        ["name", ".", 9, 14],        ["text", " ", 14, 15],        ["text", "*", 15, 16],        ["text", " ", 16, 17],        ["text", "<", 17, 18],        ["text", "d", 18, 19],        ["text", "i", 19, 20],        ["text", "v", 20, 21],        ["text", ">", 21, 22],        ["name", "name", 22, 30],        ["text", "<", 30, 31],        ["text", "/", 31, 32],        ["text", "d", 32, 33],        ["text", "i", 33, 34],        ["text", "v", 34, 35]      ];      start += 1; 因此 start 值为 35.        6. i = 5;      同第一步一样,因此 chr = ">"; 因此 tokens的值变为如下:      tokens = [        ["#", "msg", 0, 8],        ["text", " ", 8, 9],        ["name", ".", 9, 14],        ["text", " ", 14, 15],        ["text", "*", 15, 16],        ["text", " ", 16, 17],        ["text", "<", 17, 18],        ["text", "d", 18, 19],        ["text", "i", 19, 20],        ["text", "v", 20, 21],        ["text", ">", 21, 22],        ["name", "name", 22, 30],        ["text", "<", 30, 31],        ["text", "/", 31, 32],        ["text", "d", 32, 33],        ["text", "i", 33, 34],        ["text", "v", 34, 35],        ["text", ">", 35, 36]      ];      start += 1; 因此 start 值为 36.        7. i = 6      执行 chr = value.charAt(i); 因此 chr = " "; 此时 chr 为空白字符,因此会执行 isWhitespace(chr) 函数返回true。      因此执行 spaces.push(tokens.length); 因此 spaces 的值为:      spaces = [1, 3, 5, 18];      继续执行代码:tokens.push([ 'text', chr, start, start + 1 ]);      因此      tokens = [        ["#", "msg", 0, 8],        ["text", " ", 8, 9],        ["name", ".", 9, 14],        ["text", " ", 14, 15],        ["text", "*", 15, 16],        ["text", " ", 16, 17],        ["text", "<", 17, 18],        ["text", "d", 18, 19],        ["text", "i", 19, 20],        ["text", "v", 20, 21],        ["text", ">", 21, 22],        ["name", "name", 22, 30],        ["text", "<", 30, 31],        ["text", "/", 31, 32],        ["text", "d", 32, 33],        ["text", "i", 33, 34],        ["text", "v", 34, 35],        ["text", ">", 35, 36],        ["text", " ", 36, 37]      ];      start += 1; 因此 start 值为37。

接着执行代码: if (!scanner.scan(openingTagRe)) { break; }
openingTagRe 值为:openingTagRe = /{{s*/;
Scanner.prototype.scan() 函数代码如下:

Scanner.prototype.scan = function scan (re) {        var match = this.tail.match(re);          if (!match || match.index !== 0)          return '';          var string = match[0];          this.tail = this.tail.substring(string.length);        this.pos += string.length;          return string;      };

由上可知,此时 scanner 的值为 = {
   pos: 37,
   tail: “{{/msg}}”,
   string: “{{#msg}} {{.}} * <div>{{name}}</div> {{/msg}}”
};
因此 var match = “{{/msg}}”.match(/{{s*/);

var match = [        "{{",        index: 0,        groups: undefined,        input: "{{/msg}}"      ];      var string = match[0] = "{{";      this.tail = this.tail.substring(string.length);      this.tail = "{{/msg}}".substring(2) = "/msg}}";      this.pos += 2 = 39;

最后返回 return string; 就返回了 “{{“; 此时 scannel的值变为如下:

scanner = {        pos: 39,        tail: "/msg}}",        string: "{{#msg}} {{.}} * <div>{{name}}</div> {{/msg}}"      };

再执行代码:type = scanner.scan(tagRe) || ‘name’;
tagRe 的值 = /#|^|/|>|{|&|=|!/; 因此会继续调用 Scanner.prototype.scan = function scan (re) {} 函数。
继续执行该函数内部的代码,因此:

var match = this.tail.match(re); var match = "/msg}}".match(/#|^|/|>|{|&|=|!/);      var match = [        "/",        index: 0,        groups: undefined,        input: "/msg}}"      ];      var string = match[0] = "/";      this.tail = this.tail.substring(string.length) = "/msg}}".substring(1);      this.tail = "msg}}";      this.pos += 1; 因此 this.pos = 40;

最后返回 “/”; 因此 type = ‘/’;
此时 scanner 的值为如下:

scanner = {        pos: 40,        tail: "msg}}",        string: "{{#msg}} {{.}} * <div>{{name}}</div> {{/msg}}"      };

再执行代码:scanner.scan(whiteRe); whiteRe 的值 = /s*/;
因此又进入 scan函数内部依次执行如下:

var match = this.tail.match(re) = "msg}}".match(/s*/);      var match = [        "",        index: 0,        groups: undefined,        input: "msg}}"      ];      var string = match[0]; var string = "";      this.tail = this.tail.substring(string.length);      this.tail = "/msg}}".substring(0) = "/msg}}";      this.pos += string.length; this.pos = 40;

最后返回 return string; 返回 “”; 跳出该函数,继续执行下一步代码。

此时 scanner = {        pos: 40,        tail: "msg}}",        string: "{{#msg}} {{.}} * <div>{{name}}</div> {{/msg}}"      };

因此代码执行到 if (type === ‘=’) {} else if(type === ‘{‘) {} else {} 这里了
由于 type = ‘/’; 因此代码执行到 else 内部了。
执行代码:value = scanner.scanUntil(closingTagRe);
closingTagRe 值为 = /s*}}/;
Scanner.prototype.scanUntil 函数如下:

Scanner.prototype.scanUntil = function scanUntil (re) {        var index = this.tail.search(re), match;        switch (index) {          case -1:            match = this.tail;            this.tail = '';            break;          case 0:            match = '';            break;          default:            match = this.tail.substring(0, index);            this.tail = this.tail.substring(index);        }        this.pos += match.length;        return match;      };

因此 var index = “msg}}”.search(/s*}}/) = 3;
执行到 default语句代码内。
因此 match = this.tail.substring(0, index) = “msg}}”.substring(0, 3) = “msg”;
this.tail = “msg}}”.substring(3) = “}}”;
this.pos += match.length; this.pos = 40 + 3 = 43;
最后返回 return match; 因此 返回 “msg”; 此次此刻 scanner的值变为如下:

scanner = {        pos: 43,        tail: "}}",        string: "{{#msg}} {{.}} * <div>{{name}}</div> {{/msg}}"      };

现在跳出 Scanner.prototype.scanUntil 函数代码,执行下一步代码:如下:
if (!scanner.scan(closingTagRe)) {}; 因此会调用 scan 函数代码。
closingTagRe 值为 = /s*}}/;

Scanner.prototype.scan = function scan (re) {        var match = this.tail.match(re);        if (!match || match.index !== 0)          return '';        var string = match[0];        this.tail = this.tail.substring(string.length);        this.pos += string.length;        return string;      };

因此 var match = “}}”.match(/s*}}/);

var match = [        "}}",        index: 0,        groups: undefined,        input: "}}"      ];      var string = match[0] = "}}";      this.tail = this.tail.substring(string.length) = "}}".substring(2) = "";      this.pos = 43 + 2 = 45;

最后返回 return string; 因此返回 “}}”. 此时scanner的值变为如下:

scanner = {        pos: 45,        string: "{{#msg}} {{.}} * <div>{{name}}</div> {{/msg}}"        tail: ""      };

跳出 Scanner.prototype.scan 函数代码后,接着执行下面的代码:
token = [ type, value, start, scanner.pos ];
tokens.push(token);
因此 token = [‘/’, ‘msg’, 37, 45];

tokens = [        ["#", "msg", 0, 8],        ["text", " ", 8, 9],        ["name", ".", 9, 14],        ["text", " ", 14, 15],        ["text", "*", 15, 16],        ["text", " ", 16, 17],        ["text", "<", 17, 18],        ["text", "d", 18, 19],        ["text", "i", 19, 20],        ["text", "v", 20, 21],        ["text", ">", 21, 22],        ["name", "name", 22, 30],        ["text", "<", 30, 31],        ["text", "/", 31, 32],        ["text", "d", 32, 33],        ["text", "i", 33, 34],        ["text", "v", 34, 35],        ["text", ">", 35, 36],        ["text", " ", 36, 37],        ['/', 'msg', 37, 45]      ];

此时此刻 type = ‘/’; 因此 会执行 

else if (type === '/') {        // Check section nesting.        openSection = sections.pop();        if (!openSection)          throw new Error('Unopened section "' + value + '" at ' + start);        if (openSection[1] !== value)          throw new Error('Unclosed section "' + openSection[1] + '" at ' + start);

else if 内部的代码,如上所示:执行一些清空操作。

因此 这个时候会跳出while循环了,因为所有的字符都解析完毕了。最后一句代码:return nestTokens(squashTokens(tokens));

我们会调用 nestTokens()函数,在调用该函数之前会调用 squashTokens(tokens);
squashTokens 函数代码如下:

function squashTokens (tokens) {        var squashedTokens = [];        var token, lastToken;        for (var i = 0, numTokens = tokens.length; i < numTokens; ++i) {          token = tokens[i];          if (token) {            if (token[0] === 'text' && lastToken && lastToken[0] === 'text') {              lastToken[1] += token[1];              lastToken[3] = token[3];            } else {              squashedTokens.push(token);              lastToken = token;            }          }        }        return squashedTokens;      }

由上面的一系列操作,我们知道tokens的值为如下:

tokens = [        ["#", "msg", 0, 8],        ["text", " ", 8, 9],        ["name", ".", 9, 14],        ["text", " ", 14, 15],        ["text", "*", 15, 16],        ["text", " ", 16, 17],        ["text", "<", 17, 18],        ["text", "d", 18, 19],        ["text", "i", 19, 20],        ["text", "v", 20, 21],        ["text", ">", 21, 22],        ["name", "name", 22, 30],        ["text", "<", 30, 31],        ["text", "/", 31, 32],        ["text", "d", 32, 33],        ["text", "i", 33, 34],        ["text", "v", 34, 35],        ["text", ">", 35, 36],        ["text", " ", 36, 37],        ['/', 'msg', 37, 45]      ];

首先在函数内部定义一个新数组 var squashedTokens = []; 然后循环传进来的tokens的值。tokens的长度为20.
为了更清楚的理解具体做了哪些事情,我们继续一步步把for循环拆开理解。如下所示:

i = 0;        token = tokens[0] = ["#", "msg", 0, 8];        因此进入 if (token) 内部代码,由于是第一次循环,所以 lastToken 为undefined,因此进入else语句代码;        squashedTokens.push(token); 因此 squashedTokens = [ ["#", "msg", 0, 8] ];        lastToken = token; 因此 lastToken = ["#", "msg", 0, 8];          i = 1;        token = tokens[1] = ["text", " ", 8, 9];        进入if语句,if (token) 内部代码,这个时候 lastToken 有值了,token[0] === 'text' 为true,lastToken也为true,        但是 lastToken = ["#", "msg", 0, 8]; 因此 lastToken[0] === 'text' 为false。因此还是进入else语句代码:        因此 squashedTokens = [ ["#", "msg", 0, 8], ["text", " ", 8, 9] ]; lastToken = ["text", " ", 8, 9];          i = 2;        token = tokens[2] = ["name", ".", 9, 14];        进入if语句代码,由于 token[0] === "name"; 因此进入else语句,此时 squashedTokens.push(token); 值为如下:        ```        squashedTokens = [          ["#", "msg", 0, 8],          ["text", " ", 8, 9],          ["name", ".", 9, 14]        ];        lastToken = ["name", ".", 9, 14];        ```        i = 3;        token = tokens[3] = ["text", " ", 14, 15];        进入if(token)语句代码,token[0] === 'text' 为true; lastToken 也有值,为true,lastToken[0] === 'name' 为false,因此进入else语句代码, 因此 squashedTokens 和 lastToken 值分别为如下:        ```        squashedTokens = [          ["#", "msg", 0, 8],          ["text", " ", 8, 9],          ["name", ".", 9, 14],          ["text", " ", 14, 15]        ];        lastToken = ["text", " ", 14, 15];        ```        i = 4;        token = tokens[4] = ["text", "*", 15, 16];        token[0] === 'text' 为true; lastToken 也有值,为true, lastToken[0] === 'text' 也为true,因此进入 第二个if        语句代码:执行 lastToken[1] += token[1]; lastToken[3] = token[3]; 代码;        即:lastToken[1] = " " + "*" = " *"; lastToken[3] = 16; 因此 lastToken = ["text", " *", 14, 16];        ```        因此 squashedTokens = [          ["#", "msg", 0, 8],          ["text", " ", 8, 9],          ["name", ".", 9, 14],          ["text", " *", 14, 16]        ];        ```        这里明明没有进else内部代码,为什么这边 squashedTokens 对象值也发生变化呢?那是因为 代码里面对象数组的复制只是        浅拷贝,如else内部代码:lastToken = token; 最后一次的token 和 lastToken 指向了同一个指针引用。因此也会导致数组        squashedTokens 的某项的也会发生改变。          i = 5;        token = tokens[5] = ["text", " ", 16, 17];        token[0] === 'text' 为true; lastToken 也有值,为true, lastToken[0] === 'text' 也为true,        因此 lastToken[1] += token[1]; lastToken[1] = " *" + " " = " * ";        lastToken[3] = 17; 即:lastToken = ["text", " * ", 14, 17];        ```        因此 squashedTokens = [          ["#", "msg", 0, 8],          ["text", " ", 8, 9],          ["name", ".", 9, 14],          ["text", " * ", 14, 17]        ];        ```        i = 6;        token = tokens[6] = ["text", "<", 17, 18];        token[0] === 'text' 为true; lastToken 也有值,为true, lastToken[0] === 'text' 也为true,        因此 lastToken[1] += token[1]; lastToken[1] = " * " + "<" = " * <";        lastToken[3] = 18; 即:lastToken = ["text", " * <", 14, 18];        ```        因此 squashedTokens = [          ["#", "msg", 0, 8],          ["text", " ", 8, 9],          ["name", ".", 9, 14],          ["text", " * <", 14, 18]        ];        ```        i = 7;        token = tokens[7] = ["text", "d", 18, 19];        token[0] === 'text' 为true; lastToken 也有值,为true, lastToken[0] === 'text' 也为true,        因此 lastToken[1] += token[1]; lastToken[1] = " * <" + "d" = " * <d";        lastToken[3] = 19; 即:lastToken = ["text", " * <d", 14, 19];        ```        因此 squashedTokens = [          ["#", "msg", 0, 8],          ["text", " ", 8, 9],          ["name", ".", 9, 14],          ["text", " * <d", 14, 19]        ];        ```          i = 8;        token = tokens[8] = ["text", "i", 19, 20];        token[0] === 'text' 为true; lastToken 也有值,为true, lastToken[0] === 'text' 也为true;        因此 lastToken[1] += token[1]; lastToken[1] = " * <d" + "i" = " * <di";        lastToken[3] = 20; 即:lastToken = ["text", " * <di", 14, 20];        ```        因此 squashedTokens = [          ["#", "msg", 0, 8],          ["text", " ", 8, 9],          ["name", ".", 9, 14],          ["text", " * <di", 14, 20]        ];        ```        i = 9;        token = tokens[9] = ["text", "v", 20, 21];        token[0] === 'text' 为true; lastToken 也有值,为true, lastToken[0] === 'text' 也为true;        因此 lastToken[1] += token[1]; lastToken[1] = " * <di" + "v" = " * <div";        lastToken[3] = 21; 即:lastToken = ["text", " * <div", 14, 21];        ```        因此 squashedTokens = [          ["#", "msg", 0, 8],          ["text", " ", 8, 9],          ["name", ".", 9, 14],          ["text", " * <div", 14, 21]        ]        ```          i = 10;        token = tokens[10] = ["text", ">", 21, 22];        token[0] === 'text' 为true; lastToken 也有值,为true, lastToken[0] === 'text' 也为true;        因此 lastToken[1] += token[1]; lastToken[1] = " * <div" + ">" = " * <div>";        lastToken[3] = 22; 即:lastToken = ["text", " * <div>", 14, 22];        ```        因此 squashedTokens = [          ["#", "msg", 0, 8],          ["text", " ", 8, 9],          ["name", ".", 9, 14],          ["text", " * <div>", 14, 22]        ]        ```        i = 11;        token = tokens[11] = ["name", "name", 22, 30];        token[0] === 'text' 为false, 因此进入else语句代码:squashedTokens.push(token); lastToken = token;        ```        因此 squashedTokens = [          ["#", "msg", 0, 8],          ["text", " ", 8, 9],          ["name", ".", 9, 14],          ["text", " * <div>", 14, 22],          ["name", "name", 22, 30]        ];        lastToken = ["name", "name", 22, 30];        ```        i = 12;        token = tokens[12] = ["text", "<", 30, 31];        由于上一步 lastToken[0] = "name"; 因此进入else语句代码,即:        ```        squashedTokens = [          ["#", "msg", 0, 8],          ["text", " ", 8, 9],          ["name", ".", 9, 14],          ["text", " * <div>", 14, 22],          ["name", "name", 22, 30],          ["text", "<", 30, 31]        ];        lastToken = ["text", "<", 30, 31];        ```        i = 13;        token = tokens[13] = ["text", "/", 31, 32];        token[0] === 'text' 为true; lastToken 也有值,为true, lastToken[0] === 'text' 也为true;        因此:lastToken[1] += token[1]; 即:lastToken[1] = "<" + "/" = "</";        lastToken[3] = token[3]; 即:lastToken[3] = 32; 因此 lastToken = ["text", "</", 30, 32];        ```        squashedTokens = [          ["#", "msg", 0, 8],          ["text", " ", 8, 9],          ["name", ".", 9, 14],          ["text", " * <div>", 14, 22],          ["name", "name", 22, 30],          ["text", "</", 30, 32]        ];        ```        i = 14;        token = tokens[14] = ["text", "d", 32, 33];        token[0] === 'text' 为true; lastToken 也有值,为true, lastToken[0] === 'text' 也为true;        因此 lastToken[1] += token[1]; 即:lastToken[1] = "</" + "d" = "</d";        lastToken[3] = token[3]; 即:lastToken[3] = 33; 因此 lastToken = ["text", "</d", 30, 33];        ```        squashedTokens = [          ["#", "msg", 0, 8],          ["text", " ", 8, 9],          ["name", ".", 9, 14],          ["text", " * <div>", 14, 22],          ["name", "name", 22, 30],          ["text", "</d", 30, 33]        ];        ```        i = 15;        token = tokens[15] = ["text", "i", 33, 34];        token[0] === 'text' 为true; lastToken 也有值,为true, lastToken[0] === 'text' 也为true;        因此 lastToken[1] += token[1]; 即:lastToken[1] = "</d" + "i" = "</di";        lastToken[3] = token[3]; 即:lastToken[3] = 34; 因此 lastToken = ["text", "</di", 30, 34];        ```        squashedTokens = [          ["#", "msg", 0, 8],          ["text", " ", 8, 9],          ["name", ".", 9, 14],          ["text", " * <div>", 14, 22],          ["name", "name", 22, 30],          ["text", "</di", 30, 34]        ];        ```        i = 16;        token = tokens[16] = ["text", "v", 34, 35];        token[0] === 'text' 为true; lastToken 也有值,为true, lastToken[0] === 'text' 也为true;        因此 lastToken[1] += token[1]; 即:lastToken[1] = "</di" + "v" = "</div";        lastToken[3] = token[3]; 即:lastToken[3] = 35; 因此 lastToken = ["text", "</div", 30, 35];        ```        squashedTokens = [          ["#", "msg", 0, 8],          ["text", " ", 8, 9],          ["name", ".", 9, 14],          ["text", " * <div>", 14, 22],          ["name", "name", 22, 30],          ["text", "</div", 30, 35]        ];        ```        i = 17;        token = tokens[17] = ["text", ">", 35, 36];        token[0] === 'text' 为true; lastToken 也有值,为true, lastToken[0] === 'text' 也为true;        因此 lastToken[1] += token[1]; 即:lastToken[1] = "</div" + ">" = "</div>";        lastToken[3] = token[3]; 即:lastToken[3] = 36; 因此 lastToken = ["text", "</div>", 30, 36];        ```        squashedTokens = [          ["#", "msg", 0, 8],          ["text", " ", 8, 9],          ["name", ".", 9, 14],          ["text", " * <div>", 14, 22],          ["name", "name", 22, 30],          ["text", "</div>", 30, 36]        ];        ```        i = 18;        token = tokens[18] = ["text", " ", 36, 37];        token[0] === 'text' 为true; lastToken 也有值,为true, lastToken[0] === 'text' 也为true;        因此 lastToken[1] += token[1]; 即:lastToken[1] = "</div>" + " " = "</div> ";        lastToken[3] = token[3]; 即:lastToken[3] = 37; 因此 lastToken = ["text", "</div> ", 30, 37];        ```        squashedTokens = [          ["#", "msg", 0, 8],          ["text", " ", 8, 9],          ["name", ".", 9, 14],          ["text", " * <div>", 14, 22],          ["name", "name", 22, 30],          ["text", "</div> ", 30, 37]        ];        ```        i = 19;        token = tokens[19] = ['/', 'msg', 37, 45];        token[0] === 'text' 为false,因此进入else语句代码。即:squashedTokens.push(token); lastToken = token;        ```        因此:squashedTokens = [          ["#", "msg", 0, 8],          ["text", " ", 8, 9],          ["name", ".", 9, 14],          ["text", " * <div>", 14, 22],          ["name", "name", 22, 30],          ["text", "</div> ", 30, 37]          ['/', 'msg', 37, 45]        ];        lastToken = ['/', 'msg', 37, 45];

最后我们的代码返回 return squashedTokens;

最后一步我们就是要调用 nestTokens 函数了,函数代码如下:

function nestTokens (tokens) {          var nestedTokens = [];          var collector = nestedTokens;          var sections = [];          var token, section;          for (var i = 0, numTokens = tokens.length; i < numTokens; ++i) {            token = tokens[i];            switch (token[0]) {              case '#':              case '^':                collector.push(token);                sections.push(token);                collector = token[4] = [];                break;              case '/':                section = sections.pop();                section[5] = token[2];                collector = sections.length > 0 ? sections[sections.length - 1][4] : nestedTokens;                break;              default:                collector.push(token);            }          }          return nestedTokens;        }

tokens 值就是我们上面返回 return squashedTokens;值了,因此:

tokens = [          ["#", "msg", 0, 8],          ["text", " ", 8, 9],          ["name", ".", 9, 14],          ["text", " * <div>", 14, 22],          ["name", "name", 22, 30],          ["text", "</div> ", 30, 37],          ['/', 'msg', 37, 45]        ];

然后for循环遍历,因为数组的长度为7,因此循环遍历7次。再分别看下:

i = 0;  token = ["#", "msg", 0, 8];  collector.push(token); 因此:collector = [ ["#", "msg", 0, 8] ];  sections.push(token); 因此:sections =  [ ["#", "msg", 0, 8] ];  执行:collector = token[4] = [];  因此 collector = []; sections = [ ["#", "msg", 0, 8, [] ] ];  但是此时 nestedTokens = [ ["#", "msg", 0, 8, [] ] ];    为什么是这样的呢?按道理来说 var nestedTokens = []; var collector = nestedTokens; 这两个数组是浅拷贝,但是为什么  collector数组被置空了,为什么 nestedTokens 数组还是有数据呢?我们在理解之前,我们可以看如下demo来理解下:  ```  var arr1 = [];  var arr2 = arr1;  var token = [1];  arr2.push(token);  console.log(arr2); // [ [1] ]  console.log(arr1); // [ [1] ]    arr2 = token[1] = [];  console.log(token); // [ [1], []]  console.log(arr2); // []  console.log(arr1); // [ [1], []]  console.log(arr2.__proto__ === arr1.__proto__); // ture  ```  如上我们可以看到,上面两个demo是仿照我们代码的意思来的,其结果是一样的,虽然其中一个数组值为空了,但是另外一个数组并没有。  那是因为 arr2 = token[1] = []; 这句代码,我们上面的token的值为 token = [1]; 这样的,然后设置 token[1] = []; 因此  token = [1, []]; 最后把token[1] 的值赋值给 arr2了,因此arr2的值变为 []; 但是 arr1.__proto__ === arr2.__proto__  是相等的,也就是他们俩还是指向了同一个引用,因为数组或对象 比较的不是值,而是是否是同一个引用。引用的还是同一个token对象。  所以 arr2 = [], 但是 arr1 = [ [1], [] ];    i = 1;  token = ["text", " ", 8, 9];  token[0] = "text", 因此进入default语句代码,因此 collector = [["text", " ", 8, 9]];  由于 collector = token[4] = []; 是浅拷贝,因此 collector 值发生改变,会导致 token[4] 也会发生改变。  因此 sections 值变为如下:  sections = [ ["#", "msg", 0, 8, [ ["text", " ", 8, 9] ] ] ];  nestedTokens = [ ["#", "msg", 0, 8, [ ["text", " ", 8, 9] ] ] ];    i = 2;  token = ["name", ".", 9, 14];  token[0] = "name"; 因此 collector = [["text", " ", 8, 9],["name", ".", 9, 14]];  sections = [ ["#", "msg", 0, 8, [ ["text", " ", 8, 9], ["name", ".", 9, 14] ] ] ];  nestedTokens = [ ["#", "msg", 0, 8, [ ["text", " ", 8, 9], ["name", ".", 9, 14] ] ] ];  i = 3;  token = ["text", " * <div>", 14, 22];  token[0] = "text";  collector = [    ["text", " ", 8, 9],    ["name", ".", 9, 14],    ["text", " * <div>", 14, 22]  ];  sections = [ ["#", "msg", 0, 8, [ ["text", " ", 8, 9], ["name", ".", 9, 14], ["text", " * <div>", 14, 22] ] ] ];    nestedTokens = [ ["#", "msg", 0, 8, [ ["text", " ", 8, 9], ["name", ".", 9, 14], ["text", " * <div>", 14, 22] ] ] ];    i = 4;  token = ["name", "name", 22, 30];  token[0] = "name";  collector = [    ["text", " ", 8, 9],    ["name", ".", 9, 14],    ["text", " * <div>", 14, 22],    ["name", "name", 22, 30]  ];    sections = [ ["#", "msg", 0, 8, [ ["text", " ", 8, 9], ["name", ".", 9, 14], ["text", " * <div>", 14, 22], ["name", "name", 22, 30] ] ] ];    nestedTokens = [ ["#", "msg", 0, 8, [ ["text", " ", 8, 9], ["name", ".", 9, 14], ["text", " * <div>", 14, 22], ["name", "name", 22, 30] ] ] ];    i = 5;  token = ["text", "</div> ", 30, 37];  token[0] = "text";  collector = [    ["text", " ", 8, 9],    ["name", ".", 9, 14],    ["text", " * <div>", 14, 22],    ["name", "name", 22, 30],    ["text", "</div> ", 30, 37]  ];    sections = [ ["#", "msg", 0, 8, [ ["text", " ", 8, 9], ["name", ".", 9, 14], ["text", " * <div>", 14, 22], ["name", "name", 22, 30], ["text", "</div> ", 30, 37] ] ] ];    nestedTokens = [ ["#", "msg", 0, 8, [ ["text", " ", 8, 9], ["name", ".", 9, 14], ["text", " * <div>", 14, 22], ["name", "name", 22, 30], ["text", "</div> ", 30, 37] ] ] ];    i = 6;  token = ['/', 'msg', 37, 45];  token[0] = '/';    此时此刻sections 和 nestedTokens 值如下:    sections = [ ["#", "msg", 0, 8, [ ["text", " ", 8, 9], ["name", ".", 9, 14], ["text", " * <div>", 14, 22], ["name", "name", 22, 30], ["text", "</div> ", 30, 37] ] ] ];    nestedTokens = [ ["#", "msg", 0, 8, [ ["text", " ", 8, 9], ["name", ".", 9, 14], ["text", " * <div>", 14, 22], ["name", "name", 22, 30], ["text", "</div> ", 30, 37] ] ] ];    因此会进入如下代码:    case '/':    section = sections.pop();    section[5] = token[2];    collector = sections.length > 0 ? sections[sections.length - 1][4] : nestedTokens;    break;    如上代码执行完成后;    section = ["#", "msg", 0, 8, [ ["text", " ", 8, 9], ["name", ".", 9, 14], ["text", " * <div>", 14, 22], ["name", "name", 22, 30], ["text", "</div> ", 30, 37] ] ];  sections = [];  section[5] = token[2];    因此 section 值变为如下:    section = ["#", "msg", 0, 8, [ ["text", " ", 8, 9], ["name", ".", 9, 14], ["text", " * <div>", 14, 22], ["name", "name", 22, 30], ["text", "</div> ", 30, 37] ] , 37 ];    由于 sections.length = 0; 因此 把 nestedTokens 赋值给 collector;  collector = nestedTokens;    最后返回的值:nestedTokens = [["#", "msg", 0, 8, [ ["text", " ", 8, 9], ["name", ".", 9, 14], ["text", " * <div>", 14, 22], ["name", "name", 22, 30], ["text", "</div> ", 30, 37] ] , 37 ]];            

因此 Writer.prototype.render 如下方法中的 第一个 this.parse() 函数就返回了值; 因此 tokens的值就是上面返回的值。

Writer.prototype.render = function render (template, view, partials, tags) {      var tokens = this.parse(template, tags);      var context = (view instanceof Context) ? view : new Context(view);      return this.renderTokens(tokens, context, partials, template);    };

现在我们要调用 new Context(view) 方法了。

Context 函数有如下方法:

/*       @param {view} { "name": "kongzhi", "msg": ['111'] }       @param {parentContext} undefined      */      function Context (view, parentContext) {        this.view = view;        this.cache = { '.': this.view };        this.parent = parentContext;      }      Context.prototype.push = function push (view) {        return new Context(view, this);      };      Context.prototype.lookup = function lookup (name) {};

因此 context.view = { “name”: “kongzhi”, “msg”: [‘111’] };
context.cache = { ‘.’ : { “name”: “kongzhi”, “msg”: [‘111’] } };
context.parent = undefined;
context 实列除了上面列举的三个属性外,在原型上还有 push 和 lookup方法。

接下来就执行:this.renderTokens(tokens, context, partials, template); 代码;
如上参数:

tokens = [["#", "msg", 0, 8, [ ["text", " ", 8, 9], ["name", ".", 9, 14], ["text", " * <div>", 14, 22], ["name", "name", 22, 30], ["text", "</div> ", 30, 37] ] , 37 ]];      context = {        view: { "name": "kongzhi", "msg": ['111'] },        cache: { '.' : { "name": "kongzhi", "msg": ['111'] } },        parent: undefined,        __proto__: {          push: fn,          lookup: fn        }      };  partials = undefined;  template = "{{#msg}} {{.}} * <div>{{name}}</div> {{/msg}}";

现在我们继续来看下 renderTokens 函数,代码如下:

Writer.prototype.renderTokens = function renderTokens (tokens, context, partials, originalTemplate) {        var buffer = '';        var token, symbol, value;        for (var i = 0, numTokens = tokens.length; i < numTokens; ++i) {          value = undefined;          token = tokens[i];          symbol = token[0];            if (symbol === '#') value = this.renderSection(token, context, partials, originalTemplate);          else if (symbol === '^') value = this.renderInverted(token, context, partials, originalTemplate);          else if (symbol === '>') value = this.renderPartial(token, context, partials, originalTemplate);          else if (symbol === '&') value = this.unescapedValue(token, context);          else if (symbol === 'name') value = this.escapedValue(token, context);          else if (symbol === 'text') value = this.rawValue(token);          if (value !== undefined)            buffer += value;        }        return buffer;   }

由上可知:tokens = [[“#”, “msg”, 0, 8, [ [“text”, ” “, 8, 9], [“name”, “.”, 9, 14], [“text”, ” * <div>”, 14, 22], [“name”, “name”, 22, 30], [“text”, “</div> “, 30, 37] ] , 37 ]];

因此循环tokens, 因此 token = tokens[i] = [“#”, “msg”, 0, 8, [ [“text”, ” “, 8, 9], [“name”, “.”, 9, 14], [“text”, ” * <div>”, 14, 22], [“name”, “name”, 22, 30], [“text”, “</div> “, 30, 37] ] , 37 ];

因此 symbol = “#”; 因此就调用 renderSection 函数,调用完成后,返回的值赋值给value值,因此下面我们来看下 renderSection 函数的代码如下所示:

/*         * @param {token}         token = ["#", "msg", 0, 8, [ ["text", " ", 8, 9], ["name", ".", 9, 14], ["text", " * <div>", 14, 22], ["name", "name", 22, 30], ["text", "</div> ", 30, 37] ] , 37 ];         * @param {context}          context = {            view: { "name": "kongzhi", "msg": ['111'] },            cache: { '.' : { "name": "kongzhi", "msg": ['111'] } },            parent: undefined,            __proto__: {              push: fn,              lookup: fn            }          };         * @param {partials} 是否是可重用的模板,目前没有传递,值为undefined         * @param {originalTemplate} 为页面模板 值为:"{{#msg}} {{.}} * <div>{{name}}</div> {{/msg}}";        */        Writer.prototype.renderSection = function renderSection (token, context, partials, originalTemplate) {          var self = this;          var buffer = '';          var value = context.lookup(token[1]);            // This function is used to render an arbitrary template          // in the current context by higher-order sections.          function subRender (template) {            return self.render(template, context, partials);          }          if (!value) return;          if (isArray(value)) {            for (var j = 0, valueLength = value.length; j < valueLength; ++j) {              buffer += this.renderTokens(token[4], context.push(value[j]), partials, originalTemplate);            }          } else if (typeof value === 'object' || typeof value === 'string' || typeof value === 'number') {            buffer += this.renderTokens(token[4], context.push(value), partials, originalTemplate);          } else if (isFunction(value)) {            if (typeof originalTemplate !== 'string')              throw new Error('Cannot use higher-order sections without the original template');              // Extract the portion of the original template that the section contains.            value = value.call(context.view, originalTemplate.slice(token[3], token[5]), subRender);              if (value != null)              buffer += value;          } else {            buffer += this.renderTokens(token[4], context, partials, originalTemplate);          }          return buffer;        };

如上代码,首先会调用 var value = context.lookup(token[1]); lookup函数,然后把值赋值给 value. 那么此时传递的 token[1] = ‘msg’; 因此我们下面先看下 context.lookup(token[1]) 函数,代码如下所示:

Context.prototype.lookup = function lookup (name) {          var cache = this.cache;          var value;          if (cache.hasOwnProperty(name)) {            value = cache[name];          } else {            var context = this, intermediateValue, names, index, lookupHit = false;            while (context) {              if (name.indexOf('.') > 0) {                intermediateValue = context.view;                names = name.split('.');                index = 0;                while (intermediateValue != null && index < names.length) {                  if (index === names.length - 1)                    lookupHit = (                      hasProperty(intermediateValue, names[index])                      || primitiveHasOwnProperty(intermediateValue, names[index])                    );                  intermediateValue = intermediateValue[names[index++]];                }              } else {                intermediateValue = context.view[name];                lookupHit = hasProperty(context.view, name);              }              if (lookupHit) {                value = intermediateValue;                break;              }              context = context.parent;            }            cache[name] = value;          }          if (isFunction(value))            value = value.call(this.view);          return value;        };

如上函数参数 name 值为 = “msg”;
var cache = this.cache; 我们之前保存的 this.cache 的值为 = { “.”: {name: ‘kongzhi’, msg: [‘111’]}};
很明显 if (cache.hasOwnProperty(name)) {} 为false, 因此进入else语句了。
在else语句代码如下:
var context = this; 这里的this指向了 Context 对象。之前Context值如下所示:

Context = {            view: { "name": "kongzhi", "msg": ['111'] },            cache: { '.' : { "name": "kongzhi", "msg": ['111'] } },            parent: undefined,            __proto__: {              push: fn,              lookup: fn            }  };

因此 context 也是这个值了。
执行while语句 判断 while(context) {}; 然后判断 if (name.indexOf(‘.’) > 0) {} else {} 这样的,我们上面name为
字符串 “msg”; 因此进入else语句代码内部,intermediateValue = context.view[name]; 因此 intermediateValue = [‘111’]; lookupHit = hasProperty(context.view, name); 判断 context.view 对象内部是否有 “msg” 这个属性,因此lookupHit = true; 然后执行如下代码:

if (lookupHit) {           value = intermediateValue;           break;   }

因此 value = [‘111’]; 跳出while循环,当然 如果 lookupHit 为false的话,它会通过递归的方式查找父级元素,直到最顶层
元素,从这句代码可以看到:context = context.parent; 最后跳出while循环后,执行下面的代码 cache[name] = value;
因此这个时候 this.cache = { “.”: {“name”: “kongzhi”, “msg”: [“111”]}, “msg”: [“111”]};
最后判断,我们的 value 是否是个函数,如果是函数的话,就调用该函数执行。我们上面的demo就可以很好的列子,demo如下:

var data = {           "name": "kongzhi",           "msg": {             "sex": " male ",             "age": "31",             "marriage": 'single'           },           "wrapped": function() {             return function(text, render) {               return '<div>' + render(text) + '</div>'             }           }  }  var tpl = `{{#wrapped}} {{name}} is men {{/wrapped}}`;  var html = Mustache.render(tpl, data);  console.log(html); // 打印 <div> kongzhi is men </div>

代码: if (isFunction(value)) { value = value.call(this.view);} 我们demo如上,wrapped 就是一个函数,因此它会调用执行,其中 this.view 参数的值为 = { “name”: “kongzhi”, “msg”: [“111”] }; wrapped函数它自身返回一个函数,它会把值赋值给value,因此把value返回回去。因此 又回到 Writer.prototype.renderSection 函数内部,该函数内部又会判断该value 是否是一个数组,如果是个数组的话,执行某些操作,或者 他是一个对象、一个数字、一个字符串、就执行另外一些操作,或者它是一个函数就调用该函数。如下 Writer.prototype.renderSection 函数代码可知:

Writer.prototype.renderSection = function renderSection (token, context, partials, originalTemplate) {            var self = this;            var buffer = '';            var value = context.lookup(token[1]);              // This function is used to render an arbitrary template            // in the current context by higher-order sections.            function subRender (template) {              return self.render(template, context, partials);            }            if (!value) return;            if (isArray(value)) {              for (var j = 0, valueLength = value.length; j < valueLength; ++j) {                buffer += this.renderTokens(token[4], context.push(value[j]), partials, originalTemplate);              }            } else if (typeof value === 'object' || typeof value === 'string' || typeof value === 'number') {              buffer += this.renderTokens(token[4], context.push(value), partials, originalTemplate);            } else if (isFunction(value)) {              if (typeof originalTemplate !== 'string')                throw new Error('Cannot use higher-order sections without the original template');                // Extract the portion of the original template that the section contains.              value = value.call(context.view, originalTemplate.slice(token[3], token[5]), subRender);                if (value != null)                buffer += value;            } else {              buffer += this.renderTokens(token[4], context, partials, originalTemplate);            }            return buffer;          }

因此 我们上面 value 返回的是 = [‘111’]; 他是一个数组。因此会进入第一个if语句代码内部。因此循环该数组,由于该 value
数组里面只有 [‘111’] 这样的,因此就循环1次,会执行如下代码:
buffer += this.renderTokens(token[4], context.push(value[j]), partials, originalTemplate);

在调用该函数之前,会调用 context.push 函数,代码如下:

function Context (view, parentContext) {       this.view = view;       this.cache = { '.': this.view };       this.parent = parentContext;   }   Context.prototype.push = function push (view) {        return new Context(view, this);    };

这里的this就是我们之前的 context对象了。因此此时的 context对象就变为如下值:

context = {       view: '111',        cache: {".": "111"},        parent: {            parent: undefined,            view: {               "name": "kongzhi",                "msg": ["111"]             },            cache: {              "msg": ["111"],                ".": {                  "name": "kongzhi",                  "msg": ["111"]                }              }            }   };

我们之前的token值如下:

token = ["#", "msg", 0, 8, [ ["text", " ", 8, 9], ["name", ".", 9, 14], ["text", " * <div>", 14, 22], ["name", "name", 22, 30], ["text", "</div> ", 30, 37] ] , 37 ];

因此调用 buffer += this.renderTokens(token[4], context.push(value[j]), partials, originalTemplate);

Writer.prototype.renderTokens = function renderTokens (tokens, context, partials, originalTemplate) {            var buffer = '';            var token, symbol, value;            for (var i = 0, numTokens = tokens.length; i < numTokens; ++i) {              value = undefined;              token = tokens[i];              symbol = token[0];                if (symbol === '#') value = this.renderSection(token, context, partials, originalTemplate);              else if (symbol === '^') value = this.renderInverted(token, context, partials, originalTemplate);              else if (symbol === '>') value = this.renderPartial(token, context, partials, originalTemplate);              else if (symbol === '&') value = this.unescapedValue(token, context);              else if (symbol === 'name') value = this.escapedValue(token, context);              else if (symbol === 'text') value = this.rawValue(token);                if (value !== undefined)                buffer += value;            }              return buffer;          }

继续递归调用该函数,那么 token[4] = [ [“text”, ” “, 8, 9], [“name”, “.”, 9, 14], [“text”, ” * <div>”, 14, 22], [“name”, “name”, 22, 30], [“text”, “</div> “, 30, 37] ];

context 值就是我们上面的值;
partials: 可重用的模板,目前没有传递给参数,因此为undefined。
originalTemplate: 就是我们的模板,值为:”{{#msg}} {{.}} * <div>{{name}}</div> {{/msg}}”;

如上我们把token[4] 作为参数传递进去,因此会循环该数组,然后 tokens[][0] === ‘text’ 只有该数组内的第一项,第三项,
第五项,当 tokens[i][0] === ‘name’; 只有数组中的第二项和第四项。我们来分别来看下代码如何执行的;

1. 第一个数组值为:[“text”, ” “, 8, 9]; 因此:value = this.rawValue([“text”, ” “, 8, 9]); rawValue 函数代码如下:

Writer.prototype.rawValue = function rawValue (token) {
return token[1];
};

该函数直接 返回 token[1]; 因此 value = ” “; 因此第一次循环 buffer = ” “;

2. 第二个数组值为:[“name”, “.”, 9, 14]; 因此 value = this.escapedValue(token, context); escapedValue 函数代码:

/*           @param {token} ["name", ".", 9, 14]           @param {context}           context = {              view: '111',              cache: {".": "111"},              parent: {                parent: undefined,                view: {                  "name": "kongzhi",                  "msg": ["111"]                },                cache: {                  "msg": ["111"],                  ".": {                    "name": "kongzhi",                    "msg": ["111"]                  }                }              }           };          */          Writer.prototype.escapedValue = function escapedValue (token, context) {            var value = context.lookup(token[1]);            if (value != null)              return mustache.escape(value);          };          Context.prototype.lookup = function lookup (name) {            var cache = this.cache;            var value;            if (cache.hasOwnProperty(name)) {              value = cache[name];            } else {            }            // ....            return value;          }

如上代码可以看到,我们的token[1] = ‘.’; 因此先调用 Context.prototype.lookup 这个方法,该方法内部的this指向了
context 对象,我们可以从上面分析可以知道 context对象有哪些值了。因此 this.cache = context.cache = {“.”: “111”};
因此 if (cache.hasOwnProperty(name)) {} 条件为true,因此 value = cache[name]; 即:value = “111”;
最后返回 Writer.prototype.escapedValue 函数内部代码,
if (value != null) {
return mustache.escape(value);
};
从源码当中我们知道:

var entityMap = {            '&': '&amp;',            '<': '&lt;',            '>': '&gt;',            '"': '&quot;',            "'": '&#39;',            '/': '&#x2F;',            '`': '&#x60;',            '=': '&#x3D;'          };          mustache.escape = escapeHtml;          function escapeHtml (string) {            return String(string).replace(/[&<>"'`=/]/g, function fromEntityMap (s) {              return entityMap[s];            });          }

最后就会返回一个字符串,从该代码中,我们也可以看到,如果模板中有 <a> 这样类似的标签的时候,它会转换成 “&lt;a&gt;” 这样
的,会对html标签进行转义操作。因此这里我们的值 value 就返回字符串 “111” 了。 buffer = ” ” + “111” 因此 最后 buffer = ” 111″;

3. 第三个数组为:[“text”, ” * <div>”, 14, 22]; 因此:value = this.rawValue([“text”, ” * <div>”, 14, 22]); rawValue 函数代码如下:
Writer.prototype.rawValue = function rawValue (token) {
return token[1];
};
因此 value = ” * <div>”;
最后 buffer = ” 111 * <div>”;

4. 第四个数组为:[“name”, “name”, 22, 30]; 因此 value = this.escapedValue(token, context); 步骤和第二步一样的。
escapedValue 函数代码(为了方便查看,继续贴下代码):

/*           @param {token} ["name", "name", 22, 30]           @param {context}           context = {              view: '111',              cache: {".": "111"},              parent: {                parent: undefined,                view: {                  "name": "kongzhi",                  "msg": ["111"]                },                cache: {                  "msg": ["111"],                  ".": {                    "name": "kongzhi",                    "msg": ["111"]                  }                }              }           };          */          Writer.prototype.escapedValue = function escapedValue (token, context) {            var value = context.lookup(token[1]);            if (value != null)              return mustache.escape(value);          };          Context.prototype.lookup = function lookup (name) {            var cache = this.cache;            var value;            if (cache.hasOwnProperty(name)) {              value = cache[name];            } else {              var context = this, intermediateValue, names, index, lookupHit = false;              while (context) {                if (name.indexOf('.') > 0) {                  // ... 代码省略                } else {                  intermediateValue = context.view[name];                  lookupHit = hasProperty(context.view, name);                }                if (lookupHit) {                  value = intermediateValue;                  break;                }                context = context.parent;              }              cache[name] = value;            }            // ....            return value;          }

如上代码,执行 var value = context.lookup(token[1]); 因此 token[1] = “name”; 由上可知:cache = {“.”: “111”};
因此代码会执行else代码内部;进入 while循环内部,if (name.indexOf(‘.’) > 0) {} 判断 “name” 是否能找到 “.”, 这里是找不到的,因此又进去else代码内部。因此 intermediateValue = context.view[name] = context.view[“name”]; 由上面的context的值我们可知,context.view = “111”; 因此 intermediateValue = undefined; 找不到该值;同理 lookupHit = false; 因此 context = context.parent; 查找父级元素,依次类推…. 由上面可知,我们知道 context的值了, 继续看下context 值吧,如下所示:

context = {            view: '111',            cache: {".": "111"},            parent: {              parent: undefined,              view: {                "name": "kongzhi",                "msg": ["111"]              },              cache: {                "msg": ["111"],                ".": {                  "name": "kongzhi",                  "msg": ["111"]                }              }            }   };

我们执行 context = context.parent; 它是有的,因此会继续进入下一次while循环代码,因此此时的context值就变为如下了:

context = {            parent: undefined,            view: {              "name": "kongzhi",              "msg": ["111"]            },            cache: {              "msg": ["111"],              ".": {                "name": "kongzhi",                "msg": ["111"]              }            }          }

和上面的操作一样,也会进入else语句代码内,现在需要执行如下代码:
intermediateValue = context.view[name]; lookupHit = hasProperty(context.view, name);
因此 intermediateValue = context.view[“name”] = “kongzhi”; lookupHit = true; 因此会执行如下代码:

if (lookupHit) {        value = intermediateValue;        break;   }

最后我们的 value = “kongzhi” 了,使用break语句,跳出while循环,如上可以看到,如果我们这一次又没有找到该值的话,它还会继续往它的父级元素上面的递归查找是否有该值,如果有直到找到为止,否则的话,就找不到。直接返回 name 这个未解析的变量。
跳出while循环后,就执行 cache[name] = value; 因此这个时候 cache 的值变为如下:

cache = {            ".": 111,            "name": "kongzhi"          }

此时此刻,我们全局的context的值就变为如下了:

context = {            view: '111',            cache: {".": "111", "name": "kongzhi"},            parent: {              parent: undefined,              view: {                "name": "kongzhi",                "msg": ["111"]              },              cache: {                "msg": ["111"],                ".": {                  "name": "kongzhi",                  "msg": ["111"]                }              }            }  };

下面还有如下代码需要执行:

if (isFunction(value))       value = value.call(this.view);      return value;

如上,如果该value是一个函数的话,就会返回一个函数给value;否则的话,直接把值value返回给回去。因此我们需要跳到Writer.prototype.escapedValue 函数中,如下代码:

Writer.prototype.escapedValue = function escapedValue (token, context) {       var value = context.lookup(token[1]);       if (value != null)            return mustache.escape(value);   };

返回回来的value = “kongzhi”; 因此会调用 mustache.escape(value); 函数返回回去,escape 函数我们之前讲过,它是对html标签进行转义的,因此这里为了节约篇幅,就不贴代码了。执行完成后,把值返回回去。因此我们现在又需要跳到Writer.prototype.renderTokens 函数中,再看剩下的代码了,为了查看方便,我继续贴下该函数代码:

Writer.prototype.renderTokens = function renderTokens (tokens, context, partials, originalTemplate) {            var buffer = '';            var token, symbol, value;            for (var i = 0, numTokens = tokens.length; i < numTokens; ++i) {              value = undefined;              token = tokens[i];              symbol = token[0];                if (symbol === '#') value = this.renderSection(token, context, partials, originalTemplate);              else if (symbol === '^') value = this.renderInverted(token, context, partials, originalTemplate);              else if (symbol === '>') value = this.renderPartial(token, context, partials, originalTemplate);              else if (symbol === '&') value = this.unescapedValue(token, context);              else if (symbol === 'name') value = this.escapedValue(token, context);              else if (symbol === 'text') value = this.rawValue(token);              if (value !== undefined)                buffer += value;            }            return buffer;   }

因此 执行下面代码 if (value !== undefined) { buffer += value; } 代码了,从上面第三步我们知道 buffer的值了。
buffer = ” 111 * <div>”; 因此我们继续字符串拼接,buffer += value; 因此 buffer = ” 111 * <div>kongzhi”;

5. 第五个数组为:token = [“text”, “</div> “, 30, 37]; 由于 token[0] = “text”; 因此:value = this.rawValue([“text”, ” * <div>”, 14, 22]); rawValue 函数代码如下:

Writer.prototype.rawValue = function rawValue (token) {
return token[1];
};
因此 value = “</div> “; 最后我们又判断 if (value !== undefined) { buffer += value; }; 在第四步我们知道
buffer的值 = ” 111 * <div>kongzhi”; 因此 该值继续和 “</div> ” 字符串拼接的话,最后我们的buffer值就为如下了:

buffer = ” 111 * <div>kongzhi</div> “;

如上就是整个模板的解析的过程。当然 mustache.js 里面还有很多未讲解到的代码,比如兼容到一些其他的情况。比如在:
Writer.prototype.renderTokens 函数中,还有如下:

if (symbol === '#') value = this.renderSection(token, context, partials, originalTemplate);  else if (symbol === '^') value = this.renderInverted(token, context, partials, originalTemplate);  else if (symbol === '>') value = this.renderPartial(token, context, partials, originalTemplate);  else if (symbol === '&') value = this.unescapedValue(token, context);  else if (symbol === 'name') value = this.escapedValue(token, context);  else if (symbol === 'text') value = this.rawValue(token);

如上我们还有三个函数没有讲解到,比如 symbol === ‘^’ 需要调用 this.renderInverted()函数,symbol === ‘>’ 需要调用this.renderPartial()函数,symbol === ‘&’ 需要调用 this.unescapedValue() 这个函数。我们可以贴下他们的代码如下:

Writer.prototype.renderInverted = function renderInverted (token, context, partials, originalTemplate) {       var value = context.lookup(token[1]);       // Use JavaScript's definition of falsy. Include empty arrays.       // See https://github.com/janl/mustache.js/issues/186       if (!value || (isArray(value) && value.length === 0))            return this.renderTokens(token[4], context, partials, originalTemplate);   };     Writer.prototype.renderPartial = function renderPartial (token, context, partials) {        if (!partials) return;        var value = isFunction(partials) ? partials(token[1]) : partials[token[1]];         if (value != null)              return this.renderTokens(this.parse(value), context, partials, value);   };    Writer.prototype.unescapedValue = function unescapedValue (token, context) {       var value = context.lookup(token[1]);       if (value != null)          return value;   };

如上代码原理也是一样的,这里就不做一一分析了,觉得有意思的,可以自己分析下。到这里源码是分析完了。我们可以从头一步步去理解下mustache.js 模板引擎如何解析的思路。