python爬虫——爬取B站用户在线人数
- 2019 年 10 月 10 日
- 筆記
国庆期间想要统计一下bilibili网站的在线人数变化，写了一个简单的爬虫程序。主要是对https://api.bilibili.com/x/web-interface/online返回的参数进行分析，获取在线人数对应位置。程序关键点在于requests模块的使用。
具体步骤
1、网页中寻找数据元素对应接口
2、设置代理库
3、请求接口，json读取数据，获得当前在线人数
4、10次求平均
5、配置定时任务，每分钟执行一次
6、excel导出图表
最终结果
# !/usr/bin/env python3 # -*- coding: utf-8 -*- import requests import random import json import time # --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- # 计算时间差,格式: 时分秒 def gettimediff(start, end): seconds = (end - start).seconds m, s = divmod(seconds, 60) h, m = divmod(m, 60) diff = ("%02d:%02d:%02d" % (h, m, s)) return diff # ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- # 返回一个随机的请求头 headers def getheaders(): user_agent_list = [ "Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 6.1; WOW64) AppleWebKit/537.1 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/22.0.1207.1 Safari/537.1" "Mozilla/5.0 (X11; CrOS i686 2268.111.0) AppleWebKit/536.11 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/20.0.1132.57 Safari/536.11", "Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 6.1; WOW64) AppleWebKit/536.6 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/20.0.1092.0 Safari/536.6", "Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 6.2) AppleWebKit/536.6 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/20.0.1090.0 Safari/536.6", "Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 6.2; WOW64) AppleWebKit/537.1 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/19.77.34.5 Safari/537.1", "Mozilla/5.0 (X11; Linux x86_64) AppleWebKit/536.5 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/19.0.1084.9 Safari/536.5", "Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 6.0) AppleWebKit/536.5 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/19.0.1084.36 Safari/536.5", "Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 6.1; WOW64) AppleWebKit/536.3 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/19.0.1063.0 Safari/536.3", "Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 5.1) AppleWebKit/536.3 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/19.0.1063.0 Safari/536.3", "Mozilla/5.0 (Macintosh; Intel Mac OS X 10_8_0) AppleWebKit/536.3 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/19.0.1063.0 Safari/536.3", "Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 6.2) AppleWebKit/536.3 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/19.0.1062.0 Safari/536.3", "Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 6.1; WOW64) AppleWebKit/536.3 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/19.0.1062.0 Safari/536.3", "Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 6.2) AppleWebKit/536.3 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/19.0.1061.1 Safari/536.3", "Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 6.1; WOW64) AppleWebKit/536.3 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/19.0.1061.1 Safari/536.3", "Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 6.1) AppleWebKit/536.3 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/19.0.1061.1 Safari/536.3", "Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 6.2) AppleWebKit/536.3 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/19.0.1061.0 Safari/536.3", "Mozilla/5.0 (X11; Linux x86_64) AppleWebKit/535.24 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/19.0.1055.1 Safari/535.24", "Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 6.2; WOW64) AppleWebKit/535.24 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/19.0.1055.1 Safari/535.24" ] UserAgent = random.choice(user_agent_list) headers = {'User-Agent': UserAgent} return headers # -----------------------------------------------------检查ip是否可用--------------------- def checkip(targeturl, ip): headers = getheaders() # 定制请求头 proxies = {ip.split(':')[0]: ip} # 代理ip try: response = requests.get(url=targeturl, proxies=proxies, headers=headers, timeout=5).status_code if response == 200: return True else: return False except: return False # -------------------------------------------------------获取代理方法---------------------- def findip(): # ip类型,页码,目标url,存放ip的路径 url = 'https://api.bilibili.com/x/web-interface/online' # 配置url headers = getheaders() # 定制请求头 callback = requests.get(url=url, headers=headers, timeout=10).text data_json = json.loads(callback) # json格式读取返回值 web_online = data_json['data']['web_online'] # 获取在线人数 play_online = data_json['data']['play_online'] all_count = data_json['data']['all_count'] return web_online, play_online, all_count if __name__ == "__main__": num_sum = 0 play_sum = 0 count_sum = 0 time_now = time.strftime('%Y-%m-%d %H:%M:%S', time.localtime(time.time())) # 获取当前时间，格式%Y-%m-%d %H:%M:%S for i in range(10): # 统计十次数据，求平均 num_sum = num_sum + findip()[0] play_sum = play_sum + findip()[1] count_sum = count_sum + findip()[2] time.sleep(1) num = num_sum / 10 play_online = play_sum / 10 count = count_sum / 10 with open('online_num.csv', 'a') as f: # 写入文件数据 f.write('%s,%s,%s,%sn' % (time_now, num, play_online, count)) f.close()
