Spring MVC浅入浅出——不吹牛逼不装逼
- 2019 年 10 月 3 日
- 筆記
Spring MVC浅入浅出——不吹牛逼不装逼
前言
上文书说了Spring相关的知识,对Spring来了个浅入浅出,大家应该了解到,Spring在三层架构中主做Service层,那还有Web层,也就是Controller层,这个就由SpringMVC来解决了。SpringMVC是Web层的一个框架,它是Spring的组成部分,可以先看看下面这张图:
SpringMVC工作原理
MVC模式在之前我已经写过博客了《Web开发模式》,学SpringMVC之前有必要先看一下MVC模式。
SpringMVC框架主要由DispatcherServlet、处理器映射、控制器、视图解析器、视图组成,其工作流程如下:
- 客户端请求提交到DispatcherServlet;
- 由DispatcherServlet控制器寻找一个或多个HandlerMapping,找到处理请求的Controller;
- DispatcherServlet将请求提交到Controller;
- Controller调用业务逻辑处理后返回ModelAndView;
- DispatcherServlet寻找一个或多个ViewResolver视图解析器,找到ModelAndView指定的视图;
- 视图负责将结果显示到客户端。
在SpringMVC工作流程中包含4个SpringMVC接口,即DispatcherServlet、HandlerMapping、Controller和ViewResolver。SpringMVC所有的请求都经过DispatcherServlet来统一分发,在DispatcherServlet将请求分发给Controller之前需要借助SpringMVC提供的HandlerMapping定位到具体的Controller。
HandlerMapping接口负责完成客户请求到Controller映射。
Controller接口将处理用户请求,这和Java 中Servlet扮演的角色是一致的。一旦Controller处理完用户请求,将返回ModelAndView对象给DispatcherServlet前端控制器,ModelAndView中包含了模型(Model)和视图(View)。
从宏观角度考虑,DispatcherServlet是整个Web应用的控制器;从微观考虑,Controller是单个Http请求处理过程中的控制器,而ModelAndView是Http请求过程中返回的模型(Model)和视图(View)。
ViewResolver接口(视图解析器)在Web应用中负责查找View对象,从而将相应结果渲染给客户。
基于注解的控制器
在使用Web应用开发时Controller是Web应用的核心,Controller实现类包含了对用户请求的处理逻辑,是用户请求和业务逻辑之间的桥梁就,是SpringMVC框架的核心部分,负责具体的业务逻辑处理。传统风格的控制器是实现Controller接口的类。传统风格的控制器不仅需要在配置文件中部署映射,而且只能编写一个处理方法,不够灵活。
基于注解的控制器具有以下两个优点:
- 在基于注解的控制器类中可以编写多个处理方法,进而可以处理多个请求(动作),这就允许将相关的操作编写在同一个控制器类中,从而减少控制器类的数量,方便以后的维护。
- 基于注解的控制器不需要在配置文件中部署映射,仅需要使用RequestMapping注释类型注解一个方法进行请求处理。
在SpringMVC中使用扫描机制找到应用中所有基于注解的控制器类,所以,为了让控制器类被SpringMVC框架扫描到,需要在配置文件中声明spring-context,并使用<context:component-scan/>元素指定控制器类的基本包(确保所有控制类都在基本包及其子包下)。示例如下:
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?> <beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns:context="http://www.springframework.org/schema/context" xmlns:tx="http://www.springframework.org/schema/tx" xmlns:mvc="http://www.springframework.org/schema/mvc" xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans.xsd http://www.springframework.org/schema/context http://www.springframework.org/schema/context/spring-context.xsd http://www.springframework.org/schema/tx http://www.springframework.org/schema/tx/spring-tx.xsd http://www.springframework.org/schema/mvc http://www.springframework.org/schema/mvc/spring-mvc.xsd "> <!--配置注解要扫描的包--> <context:component-scan base-package="com.my"></context:component-scan> <!--配置视图解析器--> <bean class="org.springframework.web.servlet.view.InternalResourceViewResolver"> <!--配置前缀--> <property name="prefix" value="/"></property> <!--配置后缀--> <property name="suffix" value=".jsp"></property> </bean> </beans>
说这么多,用实例说话吧
实例解说
Pom.xml
<dependencies> <dependency> <groupId>junit</groupId> <artifactId>junit</artifactId> <version>4.11</version> <scope>test</scope> </dependency> <dependency> <groupId>javax.servlet</groupId> <artifactId>javax.servlet-api</artifactId> <version>3.1.0</version> </dependency> <dependency> <groupId>javax.servlet</groupId> <artifactId>jstl</artifactId> <version>1.2</version> </dependency> <dependency> <groupId>commons-logging</groupId> <artifactId>commons-logging</artifactId> <version>1.2</version> </dependency> <dependency> <groupId>mysql</groupId> <artifactId>mysql-connector-java</artifactId> <version>5.1.38</version> </dependency> <!--spring核心依赖--> <dependency> <groupId>org.springframework</groupId> <artifactId>spring-core</artifactId> <version>5.1.5.RELEASE</version> </dependency> <dependency> <groupId>org.springframework</groupId> <artifactId>spring-beans</artifactId> <version>5.1.5.RELEASE</version> </dependency> <dependency> <groupId>org.springframework</groupId> <artifactId>spring-context</artifactId> <version>5.1.5.RELEASE</version> </dependency> <dependency> <groupId>org.springframework</groupId> <artifactId>spring-aop</artifactId> <version>5.1.5.RELEASE</version> </dependency> <dependency> <groupId>org.springframework</groupId> <artifactId>spring-jdbc</artifactId> <version>5.1.5.RELEASE</version> </dependency> <dependency> <groupId>org.springframework</groupId> <artifactId>spring-web</artifactId> <version>5.1.5.RELEASE</version> </dependency> <dependency> <groupId>org.springframework</groupId> <artifactId>spring-webmvc</artifactId> <version>5.1.5.RELEASE</version> </dependency> <dependency> <groupId>org.springframework</groupId> <artifactId>spring-expression</artifactId> <version>5.1.5.RELEASE</version> </dependency> <dependency> <groupId>org.springframework</groupId> <artifactId>spring-tx</artifactId> <version>5.1.5.RELEASE</version> </dependency> </dependencies>
spring-config.xml
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?> <beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns:context="http://www.springframework.org/schema/context" xmlns:tx="http://www.springframework.org/schema/tx" xmlns:mvc="http://www.springframework.org/schema/mvc" xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans.xsd http://www.springframework.org/schema/context http://www.springframework.org/schema/context/spring-context.xsd http://www.springframework.org/schema/tx http://www.springframework.org/schema/tx/spring-tx.xsd http://www.springframework.org/schema/mvc http://www.springframework.org/schema/mvc/spring-mvc.xsd "> <!--配置注解要扫描的包--> <context:component-scan base-package="com.my"></context:component-scan> <mvc:annotation-driven></mvc:annotation-driven> <!--配置spring-jdbcTemplate--> <!--配置数据源--> <bean id="dataSource" class="org.springframework.jdbc.datasource.DriverManagerDataSource"> <!--MySQL数据库驱动--> <property name="driverClassName" value="com.mysql.jdbc.Driver"></property> <!--连接数据库的URL--> <property name="url" value="jdbc:mysql://localhost:3306/bbb?useUnicode=true&characterEncoding=UTF-8"></property> <!--连接数据库的用户名--> <property name="username" value="root"></property> <!--连接数据库的密码--> <property name="password" value="root"></property> </bean> <!--配置JDBC模板--> <bean id="jdbcTemplate" class="org.springframework.jdbc.core.JdbcTemplate"> <property name="dataSource" ref="dataSource"></property> </bean> <!--配置事务--> <bean id="txManager" class="org.springframework.jdbc.datasource.DataSourceTransactionManager"> <property name="dataSource" ref="dataSource"></property> </bean> <!--注册事务注解驱动--> <tx:annotation-driven transaction-manager="txManager"></tx:annotation-driven> <!--配置视图解析器--> <bean class="org.springframework.web.servlet.view.InternalResourceViewResolver"> <!--配置前缀--> <property name="prefix" value="/"></property> <!--配置后缀--> <property name="suffix" value=".jsp"></property> </bean> </beans>
web.xml
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?> <web-app> <!--部署DispatcherServlet--> <servlet> <servlet-name>springmvc</servlet-name> <servlet-class>org.springframework.web.servlet.DispatcherServlet</servlet-class> <!--表示容器在启动时立即加载servlet--> <load-on-startup>1</load-on-startup> <init-param> <param-name>contextConfigLocation</param-name> <param-value>classpath:spring-config.xml</param-value> </init-param> </servlet> <servlet-mapping> <servlet-name>springmvc</servlet-name> <!--处理所有URL--> <url-pattern>/</url-pattern> </servlet-mapping> <!--处理中文乱码--> <filter> <filter-name>encodingFilter</filter-name> <filter-class>org.springframework.web.filter.CharacterEncodingFilter</filter-class> <init-param> <param-name>encoding</param-name> <param-value>UTF-8</param-value> </init-param> <init-param> <param-name>forceEncoding</param-name> <param-value>true</param-value> </init-param> </filter> <filter-mapping> <filter-name>encodingFilter</filter-name> <url-pattern>/*</url-pattern> </filter-mapping> <!--设置访问静态资源--> <servlet-mapping> <servlet-name>default</servlet-name> <url-pattern>*.css</url-pattern> </servlet-mapping> <servlet-mapping> <servlet-name>default</servlet-name> <url-pattern>*.js</url-pattern> </servlet-mapping> <servlet-mapping> <servlet-name>default</servlet-name> <url-pattern>*.jpg</url-pattern> </servlet-mapping> <servlet-mapping> <servlet-name>default</servlet-name> <url-pattern>*.png</url-pattern> </servlet-mapping> <servlet-mapping> <servlet-name>default</servlet-name> <url-pattern>*.gif</url-pattern> </servlet-mapping> <servlet-mapping> <servlet-name>default</servlet-name> <url-pattern>*.mp3</url-pattern> </servlet-mapping> <servlet-mapping> <servlet-name>default</servlet-name> <url-pattern>*.mp4</url-pattern> </servlet-mapping> </web-app>
User
package com.my.pojo; public class User { private int id; private String username; private String password; public User() { } public User(int id, String username, String password) { this.id = id; this.username = username; this.password = password; } public int getId() { return id; } public void setId(int id) { this.id = id; } public String getUsername() { return username; } public void setUsername(String username) { this.username = username; } public String getPassword() { return password; } public void setPassword(String password) { this.password = password; } @Override public String toString() { return "User{" + "id=" + id + ", username='" + username + ''' + ", password='" + password + ''' + '}'; } }
UserDao
package com.my.dao; public interface UserDao { public void add(); public void delete(); public void update(); public void query(); }
UserDaoImpl
package com.my.dao.impl; import com.my.dao.UserDao; import com.my.pojo.User; import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired; import org.springframework.jdbc.core.BeanPropertyRowMapper; import org.springframework.jdbc.core.JdbcTemplate; import org.springframework.jdbc.core.RowMapper; import org.springframework.stereotype.Repository; import java.util.List; @Repository("userDao") public class UserDaoImpl implements UserDao { @Autowired //使用配置文件中的JDBC模板 private JdbcTemplate jdbcTemplate; @Override public void add() { String insertSql = "insert into user values(null,?,?)"; for (int i=0;i<15;i++){ Object parem1[] = {"成功","123456"}; jdbcTemplate.update(insertSql,parem1); } System.out.println("UserDao中的添加功能实现了"); } @Override public void delete() { String deleteSql = "delete from user where id=?"; Object parem2[] = {5}; jdbcTemplate.update(deleteSql,parem2); System.out.println("UserDao中的删除功能实现了"); } @Override public void update() { String updateSql = "update user set username=? , password=? where id =?"; Object parem3[] = {"修改","654321",3}; jdbcTemplate.update(updateSql,parem3); System.out.println("UserDao中的修改功能实现了"); } @Override public void query() { String selectSql = "select * from user"; RowMapper<User> rowMapper = new BeanPropertyRowMapper<User>(User.class); List<User> list = jdbcTemplate.query(selectSql,rowMapper,null); System.out.println("UserDao中的查询功能实现了"); for (User user : list){ System.out.println(user); } } }
UserService
package com.my.service; public interface UserService { public void add(); public void delete(); public void update(); public void query(); }
UserServiceImpl
package com.my.service.impl; import com.my.dao.UserDao; import com.my.dao.impl.UserDaoImpl; import com.my.service.UserService; import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired; import org.springframework.stereotype.Service; @Service public class UserServiceImpl implements UserService { @Autowired private UserDao userDao ; @Override public void add() { userDao.add(); } @Override public void delete() { userDao.delete(); } @Override public void update() { userDao.update(); } @Override public void query() { userDao.query(); } }
UserController
package com.my.controller; import com.my.service.UserService; import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired; import org.springframework.stereotype.Component; import org.springframework.stereotype.Controller; import org.springframework.stereotype.Service; import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestMapping; @Controller @RequestMapping("/user") public class UserController { @Autowired private UserService userService; @RequestMapping("/add") public String add(){ userService.add(); return "index"; } @RequestMapping("/delete") public String delete(){ userService.delete(); return "index"; } @RequestMapping("/update") public String update(){ userService.update(); return "index"; } @RequestMapping("/query") public String query(){ userService.query(); return "index"; } }
测试结果
结束
欲看下文如何,请看下回讲解。
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