Spring MVC浅入浅出——不吹牛逼不装逼

  • 2019 年 10 月 3 日
  • 筆記

Spring MVC浅入浅出——不吹牛逼不装逼

前言

上文书说了Spring相关的知识,对Spring来了个浅入浅出,大家应该了解到,Spring在三层架构中主做Service层,那还有Web层,也就是Controller层,这个就由SpringMVC来解决了。SpringMVC是Web层的一个框架,它是Spring的组成部分,可以先看看下面这张图:

 

 

 

SpringMVC工作原理

MVC模式在之前我已经写过博客了《Web开发模式》,学SpringMVC之前有必要先看一下MVC模式。

 

SpringMVC框架主要由DispatcherServlet、处理器映射、控制器、视图解析器、视图组成,其工作流程如下:

  1. 客户端请求提交到DispatcherServlet;
  2. 由DispatcherServlet控制器寻找一个或多个HandlerMapping,找到处理请求的Controller;
  3. DispatcherServlet将请求提交到Controller;
  4. Controller调用业务逻辑处理后返回ModelAndView;
  5. DispatcherServlet寻找一个或多个ViewResolver视图解析器,找到ModelAndView指定的视图;
  6. 视图负责将结果显示到客户端。

 

在SpringMVC工作流程中包含4个SpringMVC接口,即DispatcherServlet、HandlerMapping、Controller和ViewResolver。SpringMVC所有的请求都经过DispatcherServlet来统一分发,在DispatcherServlet将请求分发给Controller之前需要借助SpringMVC提供的HandlerMapping定位到具体的Controller。

 

HandlerMapping接口负责完成客户请求到Controller映射。

 

Controller接口将处理用户请求,这和Java 中Servlet扮演的角色是一致的。一旦Controller处理完用户请求,将返回ModelAndView对象给DispatcherServlet前端控制器,ModelAndView中包含了模型(Model)和视图(View)。

 

从宏观角度考虑,DispatcherServlet是整个Web应用的控制器;从微观考虑,Controller是单个Http请求处理过程中的控制器,而ModelAndView是Http请求过程中返回的模型(Model)和视图(View)。

 

 

ViewResolver接口(视图解析器)在Web应用中负责查找View对象,从而将相应结果渲染给客户。

 

基于注解的控制器

在使用Web应用开发时Controller是Web应用的核心,Controller实现类包含了对用户请求的处理逻辑,是用户请求和业务逻辑之间的桥梁就,是SpringMVC框架的核心部分,负责具体的业务逻辑处理。传统风格的控制器是实现Controller接口的类。传统风格的控制器不仅需要在配置文件中部署映射,而且只能编写一个处理方法,不够灵活。

 

基于注解的控制器具有以下两个优点:

  1. 在基于注解的控制器类中可以编写多个处理方法,进而可以处理多个请求(动作),这就允许将相关的操作编写在同一个控制器类中,从而减少控制器类的数量,方便以后的维护。
  2. 基于注解的控制器不需要在配置文件中部署映射,仅需要使用RequestMapping注释类型注解一个方法进行请求处理。

 

在SpringMVC中使用扫描机制找到应用中所有基于注解的控制器类,所以,为了让控制器类被SpringMVC框架扫描到,需要在配置文件中声明spring-context,并使用<context:component-scan/>元素指定控制器类的基本包(确保所有控制类都在基本包及其子包下)。示例如下:

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>  <beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"         xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"         xmlns:context="http://www.springframework.org/schema/context"         xmlns:tx="http://www.springframework.org/schema/tx"         xmlns:mvc="http://www.springframework.org/schema/mvc"         xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans         http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans.xsd         http://www.springframework.org/schema/context         http://www.springframework.org/schema/context/spring-context.xsd         http://www.springframework.org/schema/tx         http://www.springframework.org/schema/tx/spring-tx.xsd         http://www.springframework.org/schema/mvc         http://www.springframework.org/schema/mvc/spring-mvc.xsd          ">      <!--配置注解要扫描的包-->      <context:component-scan base-package="com.my"></context:component-scan>        <!--配置视图解析器-->      <bean class="org.springframework.web.servlet.view.InternalResourceViewResolver">          <!--配置前缀-->          <property name="prefix" value="/"></property>          <!--配置后缀-->          <property name="suffix" value=".jsp"></property>      </bean>  </beans>  

  

 

 

说这么多,用实例说话吧

实例解说

Pom.xml

<dependencies>      <dependency>        <groupId>junit</groupId>        <artifactId>junit</artifactId>        <version>4.11</version>        <scope>test</scope>      </dependency>      <dependency>        <groupId>javax.servlet</groupId>        <artifactId>javax.servlet-api</artifactId>        <version>3.1.0</version>      </dependency>      <dependency>        <groupId>javax.servlet</groupId>        <artifactId>jstl</artifactId>        <version>1.2</version>      </dependency>      <dependency>        <groupId>commons-logging</groupId>        <artifactId>commons-logging</artifactId>        <version>1.2</version>      </dependency>          <dependency>        <groupId>mysql</groupId>        <artifactId>mysql-connector-java</artifactId>        <version>5.1.38</version>      </dependency>      <!--spring核心依赖-->      <dependency>        <groupId>org.springframework</groupId>        <artifactId>spring-core</artifactId>        <version>5.1.5.RELEASE</version>      </dependency>      <dependency>        <groupId>org.springframework</groupId>        <artifactId>spring-beans</artifactId>        <version>5.1.5.RELEASE</version>      </dependency>      <dependency>        <groupId>org.springframework</groupId>        <artifactId>spring-context</artifactId>        <version>5.1.5.RELEASE</version>      </dependency>      <dependency>        <groupId>org.springframework</groupId>        <artifactId>spring-aop</artifactId>        <version>5.1.5.RELEASE</version>      </dependency>      <dependency>        <groupId>org.springframework</groupId>        <artifactId>spring-jdbc</artifactId>        <version>5.1.5.RELEASE</version>      </dependency>      <dependency>        <groupId>org.springframework</groupId>        <artifactId>spring-web</artifactId>        <version>5.1.5.RELEASE</version>      </dependency>      <dependency>        <groupId>org.springframework</groupId>        <artifactId>spring-webmvc</artifactId>        <version>5.1.5.RELEASE</version>      </dependency>      <dependency>        <groupId>org.springframework</groupId>        <artifactId>spring-expression</artifactId>        <version>5.1.5.RELEASE</version>      </dependency>      <dependency>        <groupId>org.springframework</groupId>        <artifactId>spring-tx</artifactId>        <version>5.1.5.RELEASE</version>      </dependency>        </dependencies>  

  

 

 

spring-config.xml

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>    <beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"           xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"           xmlns:context="http://www.springframework.org/schema/context"           xmlns:tx="http://www.springframework.org/schema/tx"           xmlns:mvc="http://www.springframework.org/schema/mvc"           xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans           http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans.xsd           http://www.springframework.org/schema/context           http://www.springframework.org/schema/context/spring-context.xsd           http://www.springframework.org/schema/tx           http://www.springframework.org/schema/tx/spring-tx.xsd           http://www.springframework.org/schema/mvc           http://www.springframework.org/schema/mvc/spring-mvc.xsd            ">        <!--配置注解要扫描的包-->        <context:component-scan base-package="com.my"></context:component-scan>        <mvc:annotation-driven></mvc:annotation-driven>            <!--配置spring-jdbcTemplate-->        <!--配置数据源-->        <bean id="dataSource" class="org.springframework.jdbc.datasource.DriverManagerDataSource">            <!--MySQL数据库驱动-->            <property name="driverClassName" value="com.mysql.jdbc.Driver"></property>            <!--连接数据库的URL-->            <property name="url" value="jdbc:mysql://localhost:3306/bbb?useUnicode=true&characterEncoding=UTF-8"></property>            <!--连接数据库的用户名-->            <property name="username" value="root"></property>            <!--连接数据库的密码-->            <property name="password" value="root"></property>        </bean>        <!--配置JDBC模板-->        <bean id="jdbcTemplate" class="org.springframework.jdbc.core.JdbcTemplate">            <property name="dataSource" ref="dataSource"></property>        </bean>        <!--配置事务-->        <bean id="txManager" class="org.springframework.jdbc.datasource.DataSourceTransactionManager">            <property name="dataSource" ref="dataSource"></property>        </bean>        <!--注册事务注解驱动-->        <tx:annotation-driven transaction-manager="txManager"></tx:annotation-driven>        <!--配置视图解析器-->        <bean class="org.springframework.web.servlet.view.InternalResourceViewResolver">            <!--配置前缀-->            <property name="prefix" value="/"></property>            <!--配置后缀-->            <property name="suffix" value=".jsp"></property>        </bean>    </beans>  

  

web.xml

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>    <web-app>      <!--部署DispatcherServlet-->      <servlet>        <servlet-name>springmvc</servlet-name>        <servlet-class>org.springframework.web.servlet.DispatcherServlet</servlet-class>        <!--表示容器在启动时立即加载servlet-->        <load-on-startup>1</load-on-startup>        <init-param>          <param-name>contextConfigLocation</param-name>          <param-value>classpath:spring-config.xml</param-value>        </init-param>      </servlet>      <servlet-mapping>        <servlet-name>springmvc</servlet-name>        <!--处理所有URL-->        <url-pattern>/</url-pattern>      </servlet-mapping>          <!--处理中文乱码-->      <filter>        <filter-name>encodingFilter</filter-name>        <filter-class>org.springframework.web.filter.CharacterEncodingFilter</filter-class>        <init-param>          <param-name>encoding</param-name>          <param-value>UTF-8</param-value>        </init-param>        <init-param>          <param-name>forceEncoding</param-name>          <param-value>true</param-value>        </init-param>      </filter>      <filter-mapping>        <filter-name>encodingFilter</filter-name>        <url-pattern>/*</url-pattern>      </filter-mapping>          <!--设置访问静态资源-->      <servlet-mapping>        <servlet-name>default</servlet-name>        <url-pattern>*.css</url-pattern>      </servlet-mapping>      <servlet-mapping>        <servlet-name>default</servlet-name>        <url-pattern>*.js</url-pattern>      </servlet-mapping>      <servlet-mapping>        <servlet-name>default</servlet-name>        <url-pattern>*.jpg</url-pattern>      </servlet-mapping>      <servlet-mapping>        <servlet-name>default</servlet-name>        <url-pattern>*.png</url-pattern>      </servlet-mapping>      <servlet-mapping>        <servlet-name>default</servlet-name>        <url-pattern>*.gif</url-pattern>      </servlet-mapping>      <servlet-mapping>        <servlet-name>default</servlet-name>        <url-pattern>*.mp3</url-pattern>      </servlet-mapping>      <servlet-mapping>        <servlet-name>default</servlet-name>        <url-pattern>*.mp4</url-pattern>      </servlet-mapping>        </web-app>  

  

User

package com.my.pojo;        public class User {        private int id;        private String username;        private String password;            public User() {        }            public User(int id, String username, String password) {            this.id = id;            this.username = username;            this.password = password;        }            public int getId() {            return id;        }            public void setId(int id) {            this.id = id;        }            public String getUsername() {            return username;        }            public void setUsername(String username) {            this.username = username;        }            public String getPassword() {            return password;        }            public void setPassword(String password) {            this.password = password;        }            @Override        public String toString() {            return "User{" +                    "id=" + id +                    ", username='" + username + ''' +                    ", password='" + password + ''' +                    '}';        }    }    

  

UserDao

package com.my.dao;        public interface UserDao {        public void add();        public void delete();        public void update();        public void query();    }    

  

 

UserDaoImpl

package com.my.dao.impl;    import com.my.dao.UserDao;    import com.my.pojo.User;    import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;    import org.springframework.jdbc.core.BeanPropertyRowMapper;    import org.springframework.jdbc.core.JdbcTemplate;    import org.springframework.jdbc.core.RowMapper;    import org.springframework.stereotype.Repository;    import java.util.List;      @Repository("userDao")    public class UserDaoImpl implements UserDao {        @Autowired        //使用配置文件中的JDBC模板       private JdbcTemplate jdbcTemplate;            @Override        public void add() {            String insertSql = "insert into user values(null,?,?)";            for (int i=0;i<15;i++){                Object parem1[] = {"成功","123456"};                jdbcTemplate.update(insertSql,parem1);            }            System.out.println("UserDao中的添加功能实现了");        }          @Override        public void delete() {            String deleteSql = "delete from user where id=?";            Object parem2[] = {5};            jdbcTemplate.update(deleteSql,parem2);            System.out.println("UserDao中的删除功能实现了");        }          @Override        public void update() {            String updateSql = "update user set username=? , password=? where id =?";            Object parem3[] = {"修改","654321",3};            jdbcTemplate.update(updateSql,parem3);            System.out.println("UserDao中的修改功能实现了");        }          @Override        public void query() {            String selectSql = "select * from user";            RowMapper<User> rowMapper = new BeanPropertyRowMapper<User>(User.class);            List<User> list = jdbcTemplate.query(selectSql,rowMapper,null);            System.out.println("UserDao中的查询功能实现了");            for (User user : list){                System.out.println(user);            }        }    }  

  


UserService

package com.my.service;        public interface UserService {        public void add();        public void delete();        public void update();        public void query();    }    

  

 

UserServiceImpl

package com.my.service.impl;        import com.my.dao.UserDao;    import com.my.dao.impl.UserDaoImpl;    import com.my.service.UserService;    import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;    import org.springframework.stereotype.Service;      @Service    public class UserServiceImpl implements UserService {        @Autowired        private UserDao userDao ;        @Override        public void add() {            userDao.add();        }        @Override        public void delete() {            userDao.delete();        }        @Override        public void update() {            userDao.update();        }        @Override        public void query() {            userDao.query();        }    }    

  

 

UserController

package com.my.controller;        import com.my.service.UserService;    import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;    import org.springframework.stereotype.Component;    import org.springframework.stereotype.Controller;    import org.springframework.stereotype.Service;    import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestMapping;        @Controller    @RequestMapping("/user")    public class UserController {        @Autowired        private UserService userService;        @RequestMapping("/add")        public String add(){            userService.add();            return "index";        }        @RequestMapping("/delete")        public String delete(){            userService.delete();            return "index";        }        @RequestMapping("/update")        public String update(){            userService.update();            return "index";        }        @RequestMapping("/query")        public String query(){            userService.query();            return "index";        }    }    

  

测试结果

 

 

 

 

 

结束

欲看下文如何,请看下回讲解。

 

 

 

 

 

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