基于图结构实现地铁乘坐线路查询
- 2019 年 10 月 8 日
- 筆記
基于图结构实现地铁乘坐线路查询
- github-python算法和flaskapp部分:repo
- github-android部分:repo
- flaskapp接口文档:传送门
- 深度了解Dijkstra优化算法:传送门
- personblog:github_page or csdnblog
问题描述
编写一个程序实现地铁最短乘坐(站)线路查询,输入为起始站名和目的站名,输出为从起始站到目的站的最短乘坐站换乘线路。
1.采用Dijkstra算法实现,使用优先队列对性能进行了优化;
2.如果两站间存在多条最短路径,则输出其中的一条即可;
-
本次项目实现采用了flask作为后端提供接口服务,使用androidApp进行get请求获得数据,显示在Textview中
设计需求
- 确定储存地铁站文件的格式文件 (已确认使用json格式和文本格式)
- 确定读取地铁站数据的方式 (使用python的file打开命令)
- 确定获取两站点最小站点数的算法方式
- 进行外表封装
- 进行输出格式的确定
- 性能测试
-
最后结果检查
数据存储格式
stationline.txt文本为存储的地图数据文本,格式如下图所示:
- 使用0与1来分别表示是否需要换乘
地铁线路条数 线路x 线路x站数 站名1 是否需要换乘 站名2 是否需要换乘 ...
- 数据示例
2 20 曹庄 0 卞兴 0 芥园西道 0 咸阳路 0 长虹公园 1 广开四马路 0 西南角 1 鼓楼 0 东南角 0 建国道 0 天津站 1 远洋国际中心 0 顺驰桥 0 靖江路 1 翠阜新村 0 屿东城 0 登州路 0 国山路 0
数据文本读取代码
with open(os.path.join(os.path.abspath('..'), "station/stationLine.txt"), "r") as f: TOTAL = f.readline() for line in f.readlines(): if line != 'n': line = line.rstrip('n') line = line.split(' ') if line[0] in LINEDATA: linei = line[0] continue line[1] = linei line0 = line[0] intline = int(line[1]) if intline not in data.keys(): data[intline] = [] data[intline].append(line0) else: data[intline].append(line0) if line0 not in datanum.keys(): datanum[line0] = [intline] else: datanum[line0].append(intline)
- 打印结果
stationline {"1": ["刘园", "西横堤", "果酒厂", "本溪路", "勤俭道", "洪湖里", "西站", "西北角", ..]} linesdata {"刘园": [1], "西横堤": [1], "果酒厂": [1], "本溪路": [1], "勤俭道": [1], "洪湖里": [1], "西站": [1, 6], "西北角": [1], "西南角": [1, 2], "二纬路": [1], "海光寺": [1], "鞍山道": [1], "营口道": [1, 3], "小白楼": [1], "下瓦房": [1, 5],....} station_num {"刘园": 0, "西横堤": 1, "果酒厂": 2, "本溪路": 3, "勤俭道": 4, "洪湖里": 5, "西站": 6, "西北角": 7, "西南角": 8, "二纬路": 9, "海光寺": 10, "鞍山道": 11, "营口道": 12, "小白楼": 13, "下瓦房": 14,.....}
- 获得点与点之间的最短路径:
def find_shortest_path(graph, start, end, path=[]): # 查找最短路径 path = path + [start] if start == end: return path if not start in graph.keys(): return None shortest = None for node in graph[start]: if node not in path: newpath = find_shortest_path(graph, node, end, path) if newpath: if not shortest or len(newpath) < len(shortest): shortest = newpath return shortest def find_all_paths(graph, start, end, path): # 查找所有的路径 path = path + [start] if start == end: return [path] if not start in graph.keys(): return [] paths = [] for node in graph[start]: if node not in path: newpaths = find_all_paths(graph, node, end, path) for newpath in newpaths: paths.append(newpath) return paths pathss = {} for i in range(I): for j in range(I): if RouteGraph.get_edge(i, j) == 1: start = STATIO[i] end = STATIO[j] if i not in pathss.keys(): pathss[i] = [j] else: pathss[i].append(j) # pathss是记录每个站点接触的站点list # print(pathss)
- dijkstra算法具体分析
def dijkstra_shortest_pathS(graph, v0, endpos): vnum = 0 for i in pathss.keys(): vnum += 1 assert 0 <= v0 < vnum # 长为vnum的表记录路径 paths = [None] * vnum count = 0 cands = PrioQueue([(0, v0, v0)]) while count < vnum and not cands.is_empty(): plen, u, vmin = cands.dequeue() if paths[vmin]: continue paths[vmin] = (u, plen) # print(u, plen) for v in graph[vmin]: if not paths[v]: cands.enqueue((plen + 1, vmin, v)) count += 1 return paths
- stationController 部分
# encoding=utf-8 import os import json from stationplan import computefshortestpath from stationplan import getInfo def getShort(start, end): stationnum, s = computefshortestpath(start, end) return stationnum, s def getInfoStation(): stationnumlist, stationlist = getInfo() return stationnumlist, stationlist if __name__ == "__main__": a, b = getInfoStation() print(type(a)) print(type(b))
- stationController中具体使用的函数分析
# 确定出发点和最后的站点 def computefshortestpath(startpos, endpos): s1 = STATION_NUM[startpos] e1 = STATION_NUM[endpos] # print(s1,e1) paths = dijkstra_shortest_pathS(pathss, s1, e1) # print(paths) b = [] p = paths[e1][0] # print(paths[e1]) b.append(STATIO[p]) while True: p1 = paths[p][0] p = p1 b.append(STATIO[p]) if p == s1: break b.reverse() if s1 != e1: b.append(STATIO[e1]) stationnumo = len(b) s = "" s += b[0] for i in range(1, len(b) - 1): a1 = set(datanum[b[i - 1]]) b1 = set(datanum[b[i + 1]]) c1 = set(datanum[b[i]]) # 如果没有交集,说明不是同一条路,对当前站点前后站点进行分析,如果两个站点属于 # 的站点线号没有发生重叠,说明当前线路在该站点没有进行换乘 if not len(a1 & b1): if len(datanum[b[i + 1]]) != 0: s += "-" + str((list(set(datanum[b[i]]) & b1)[0])) + "号线" s += "-" + b[i] else: s += "-" + b[i] s += "-" + b[len(b) - 1] return stationnumo, s def getInfo(): return data, STATION_NUM
flask app的分析:
- flask具体作用类似与springboot,是python后端的一个框架,对新手及其友好,而json包则是用来处理json输出格式的一个工具
- 具体详情查看flask官方中文文档
# encoding=utf-8 from flask import Flask, request from stationController import getShort from stationController import getInfoStation import json app = Flask(__name__) @app.route('/getStationInfo', methods=['GET']) def getStationInfo(): num = request.args["num"] num = int(num) data, stationlist = getInfoStation() if not num: result = { "code": 500, "msg": "the service make a mistake -.-" } else: strmsg = data[num] print(strmsg) result = { "code": 0, "msg": strmsg } return json.dumps(result) @app.route('/getShortestPath', methods=['GET']) def getShortestPath(): start = request.args['start'] end = request.args['end'] data, stationlist = getInfoStation() print(start not in stationlist.keys() and end not in stationlist.keys) if (not start or not end) or (start not in stationlist.keys() or end not in stationlist.keys()): result = { "code": 501, "msg": "please input the correct start and end station -.-" } else: stationnum, strmsg = getShort(start, end) result = { "code": 0, "msg": strmsg, "stationnum": stationnum } return json.dumps(result) if __name__ == '__main__': app.run(host="0.0.0.0", port=80)
- flask具体demo已经部署在服务器上,返回信息,请求方式等具体请查看接口文档:传送门
安卓部分
- 编译器使用AS进行开发
- 使用友好的流线式布局进行开发
- 布局代码如下:
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?> <LinearLayout xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android" xmlns:tools="http://schemas.android.com/tools" android:layout_width="match_parent" android:layout_height="match_parent" android:paddingBottom="10dp" android:paddingLeft="10dp" android:paddingRight="10dp" android:paddingTop="30dp" android:orientation="vertical" tools:context=".MainActivity" > <TextView android:id="@+id/textView1" android:layout_width="wrap_content" android:layout_height="wrap_content" android:text="请选择站点线路起点线" /> <LinearLayout android:layout_width="match_parent" android:layout_height="141dp" android:layout_gravity="center" android:orientation="vertical"> <Spinner android:id="@+id/spinner1" android:layout_width="match_parent" android:layout_height="50dp" /> <Spinner android:id="@+id/spinner2" android:layout_width="match_parent" android:layout_height="50dp" android:layout_marginTop="20dp" /> </LinearLayout> <TextView android:id="@+id/textView2" android:layout_width="wrap_content" android:layout_height="wrap_content" android:text="请选择站点线路终点线" /> <LinearLayout android:layout_width="match_parent" android:layout_height="141dp" android:layout_gravity="center" android:orientation="vertical"> <Spinner android:id="@+id/spinner3" android:layout_width="match_parent" android:layout_height="50dp" /> <Spinner android:id="@+id/spinner4" android:layout_width="match_parent" android:layout_height="50dp" android:layout_marginTop="20dp" /> </LinearLayout> <Button android:id="@+id/searchButton" android:layout_width="match_parent" android:layout_height="40dp" android:text="搜索最短路线"> </Button> <TextView android:id="@+id/showShortestPath" android:layout_width="match_parent" android:layout_height="match_parent" android:text=""> </TextView> </LinearLayout>
- 对与spinner(下拉框的集联操作使用xml进行了储存)
- 当选中相应的station值时进行选择第二个spinner中的应该显示的值
- 格式如下
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?> <resources> <string-array name="station"> <item>-站点线路-</item> <item>1</item> <item>2</item> <item>3</item> <item>5</item> <item>6</item> <item>9</item> </string-array> <string-array name="station1"> <item>-站点-</item> <item>刘园</item> <item>西横堤</item> <item>果酒厂</item> <item>本溪路</item> <item>勤俭道</item> <item>洪湖里</item> <item>西站</item> <item>西北角</item> <item>西南角</item> <item>二纬路</item> <item>海光寺</item> <item>鞍山道</item> <item>营口道</item> <item>小白楼</item> <item>下瓦房</item> <item>南楼</item> <item>土城</item> <item>陈塘庄</item> <item>复兴门</item> <item>华山里</item> <item>财经大学</item> <item>双林</item> <item>李楼</item> </string-array> ...... </resources>
- 代码控制:
.... if (pro.equals("1")) { cityAdapter = ArrayAdapter.createFromResource( MainActivity.this, R.array.station1, android.R.layout.simple_spinner_dropdown_item); sr4.setAdapter(cityAdapter); sr4.setOnItemSelectedListener(new AdapterView.OnItemSelectedListener() { @Override public void onItemSelected(AdapterView<?> parent, View view, int position, long id) { String strstation = MainActivity.this.getResources().getStringArray(R.array.station1)[position]; sr4Val = strstation; } @Override public void onNothingSelected(AdapterView<?> parent) { } }); } .....
- demo图
- 使用okhttps获得json数据,get方式
- 相应的as添加jar包方式:
- 打开路径:file->project Structure->Depndences->app->+号 搜索相应的包即可
- 博主用的是 okhttp:2.7.5的包
public void SendGetRequest(final String url,final String startpos,final String endpos){ new Thread(new Runnable() { @Override public void run() { try { OkHttpClient client = new OkHttpClient();//创建OkHttpClient对象 Request request = new Request.Builder() .url("http://139.9.90.185/getShortestPath?start="+startpos+"&end="+endpos)//请求接口。如果需要传参拼接到接口后面。 .build();//创建Request 对象 Response response = null; response = client.newCall(request).execute();//得到Response 对象 if (response.isSuccessful()) { Log.d("kwwl","response.code()=="+response.code()); Log.d("kwwl","response.message()=="+response.message()); // Log.d("kwwl","res=="+response.body().string()); String resdata = response.body().string(); System.out.println(resdata); //此时的代码执行在子线程,修改UI的操作请使用handler跳转到UI线程。 JSONObject jsonObject = new JSONObject(resdata); String code = (jsonObject.getString("code")); if(Integer.parseInt(code)==0) { String resultpath = (jsonObject.getString("msg")); String resultnum = (jsonObject.getString("stationnum")); show("站点数:" + resultnum + "n" + "站点最短路径:" + resultpath); Toast.makeText(MainActivity.this,"正在搜索中,请稍后",Toast.LENGTH_SHORT).show(); }else{ String msg = (jsonObject.getString("msg")); show("提示信息:"+msg); Toast.makeText(MainActivity.this,"提示信息:"+msg,Toast.LENGTH_SHORT).show(); } // System.out.println(result); }else{ show("请求出错,请选择正确的站点请求"); Toast.makeText(MainActivity.this,"请求出错,请选择正确的站点请求",Toast.LENGTH_SHORT).show(); } } catch (Exception e) { e.printStackTrace(); } } }).start(); } //显示在下方的TextView中 private void show(final String result) { runOnUiThread(new Runnable() { @Override public void run() { textShowPaths.setText(result); } }); }