获取指定句柄的类型号.
- 2019 年 10 月 8 日
- 筆記
目录
一丶简介
在windows系统下.句柄是很常用的. 骚操作的方法可以通过句柄拷贝方式拷贝到另一个进程让其占用句柄.比如独占文件. 但是有时候比如驱动想删除文件.强删文件的时候就会用到句柄类型. 但是此时一般都是写死的.网上也很少相关资料.这里就介绍一下.怎么通过句柄获取指定句柄类型(任何内核对象 句柄都可以使用) 下面以文件举例
二丶原理与代码.
2.1原理
原理还是使用未文档化的API
1.使用 ZwQuerySystemInformation 的16号功能遍历全局句柄表 2.创建文件(什么文件都可以)得出 文件句柄 3.遍历句柄表,判断文件句柄是否和遍历出的句柄表中记录的句柄一样. 4.如果一样.获取句柄表中 objectindex即可.这个则是记录的文件句柄.
2.2原理伪代码讲解
主要是两个结构体.在使用 ** ZwQuerySystemInformation**的时候遍历的句柄的详细信息的结构
如下:
typedef struct _SYSTEM_HANDLE_TABLE_ENTRY_INFO { USHORT UniqueProcessId; USHORT CreatorBackTraceIndex; UCHAR ObjectTypeIndex; UCHAR HandleAttributes; USHORT HandleValue; PVOID Object; ULONG GrantedAccess; } SYSTEM_HANDLE_TABLE_ENTRY_INFO, *PSYSTEM_HANDLE_TABLE_ENTRY_INFO; //全局句柄记录的个数 typedef struct _SYSTEM_HANDLE_INFORMATION { ULONG NumberOfHandles; SYSTEM_HANDLE_TABLE_ENTRY_INFO Handles[1]; } SYSTEM_HANDLE_INFORMATION, *PSYSTEM_HANDLE_INFORMATION;
第一个结构体记录的是句柄的详细信息 1.UniqueProcessId 记录的进程ID 2.博主暂未知. 3.ObjectTypeIndex 记录的句柄的序号. 主要是获取他. 4.HandleAttributes记录的是句柄的属性 5.HandleValue 记录的是句柄值我们就是判断他找objecttypeIndex 6.PVOID Object 记录的是句柄的EPROCESS 7.GrantedAccess 记录的句柄访问权限.
关于未公开函数直接 loadlibrary + GetProAddress获取即可.
typedef NTSTATUS(WINAPI * PfnZwQuerySystemInformation)( IN ULONG SysInfoClass, IN OUT PVOID SystemInfroMation, IN ULONG SystemInforMationLength, OUT PULONG RetLen);
3.代码实现
核心代码如下:
PSYSTEM_HANDLE_INFORMATION pGlobaleHandleInfo = NULL; //全局句柄信息 SYSTEM_HANDLE_TABLE_ENTRY_INFO HandleInfor = { 0 }; //句柄的详细信息. PVOID pBuffer = NULL; HANDLE hFile; DWORD dwNumberOfHandles = 0; //句柄的个数 InitFunction(); hFile = GetFileHandle(); pBuffer = RetSystemHandleInformation(); pGlobaleHandleInfo = reinterpret_cast<PSYSTEM_HANDLE_INFORMATION>(pBuffer); //获得了句柄的相信信息.随便打开个文件句柄.判断类型是否相等. dwNumberOfHandles = pGlobaleHandleInfo->NumberOfHandles; for (int i = 0; i < dwNumberOfHandles; i++) { HandleInfor = pGlobaleHandleInfo->Handles[i];//获取句柄的相信信息 if (GetCurrentProcessId() == HandleInfor.UniqueProcessId) { if (HandleInfor.HandleValue == (USHORT)hFile) { printf("hFile对应的文件类型为 %d rn", HandleInfor.ObjectTypeIndex); } } }
请注意顺序.请先打开文件.然后在获取全局句柄信息.
总共使用了三个函数.一个是 初始化函数指针.另一个是返回全局句柄表.下一个就是打开自己.
关于打开自己完全可以打开别的文件.别的进程.只不过判断的时候不能再GetProcessId了.
PfnZwQuerySystemInformation ZwQuerySystemInformation; void InitFunction() { HMODULE hDll = LoadLibrary(TEXT("ntdll.dll")); if (NULL == hDll) { return; } ZwQuerySystemInformation = reinterpret_cast<PfnZwQuerySystemInformation>(GetProcAddress(hDll, "ZwQuerySystemInformation")); if (NULL == ZwQuerySystemInformation) return; } PVOID RetSystemHandleInformation() { //返回系统句柄信息. PULONG szBuffer = NULL; DWORD dwSize = 0x1000; DWORD dwRetSize = 0; NTSTATUS ntStatus; szBuffer = new ULONG[dwSize]; if (NULL == szBuffer) { return NULL; } //第一遍调用可能不成功.所以获取返回值. 并且根据DwRetSize的值去重新申请空间 do { ntStatus = ZwQuerySystemInformation(SystemHandleInformation, szBuffer, dwSize, &dwRetSize); if (ntStatus == STATUS_INFO_LENGTH_MISMATCH) //代表空间不足.重新申请空间 { delete[] szBuffer; szBuffer = new ULONG[dwSize *= 2]; } else { if (!NT_SUCCESS(ntStatus)) { delete [] szBuffer; return NULL; } } } while (ntStatus == STATUS_INFO_LENGTH_MISMATCH); //成功返回信息 return szBuffer; } HANDLE GetFileHandle() { //这里打开自己 TCHAR tszPath[MAX_PATH] = { 0 }; GetModuleFileName(NULL,tszPath,MAX_PATH ); return CreateFile( tszPath, GENERIC_READ , FILE_SHARE_READ, NULL, OPEN_EXISTING, FILE_ATTRIBUTE_NORMAL, NULL); }
4.用到的结构
#pragma once #include <windows.h> #include <string> using namespace std; #ifdef UNICODE #define CBinString wstring #else #define CBinString string #endif #ifdef _WIN64 #define UBinSize DWORD64 #else #define UBinSize DWORD #endif typedef LONG NTSTATUS; #define STATUS_SUCCESS ((NTSTATUS)0x00000000L) #define STATUS_UNSUCCESSFUL ((NTSTATUS)0xC0000001L) #define STATUS_NOT_IMPLEMENTED ((NTSTATUS)0xC0000002L) #define STATUS_INVALID_INFO_CLASS ((NTSTATUS)0xC0000003L) #define STATUS_INFO_LENGTH_MISMATCH ((NTSTATUS)0xC0000004L) #define NT_SUCCESS(Status) (((NTSTATUS)(Status)) >= 0) //ZwQuerySystemInformation 需要用到的信息 typedef enum _SYSTEM_INFORMATION_CLASS { SystemBasicInformation, // 0 Y N SystemProcessorInformation, // 1 Y N SystemPerformanceInformation, // 2 Y N SystemTimeOfDayInformation, // 3 Y N SystemNotImplemented1, // 4 Y N SystemProcessesAndThreadsInformation, // 5 Y N SystemCallCounts, // 6 Y N SystemConfigurationInformation, // 7 Y N SystemProcessorTimes, // 8 Y N SystemGlobalFlag, // 9 Y Y SystemNotImplemented2, // 10 Y N SystemModuleInformation, // 11 Y N SystemLockInformation, // 12 Y N SystemNotImplemented3, // 13 Y N SystemNotImplemented4, // 14 Y N SystemNotImplemented5, // 15 Y N SystemHandleInformation, // 16 Y N SystemObjectInformation, // 17 Y N SystemPagefileInformation, // 18 Y N SystemInstructionEmulationCounts, // 19 Y N SystemInvalidInfoClass1, // 20 SystemCacheInformation, // 21 Y Y SystemPoolTagInformation, // 22 Y N SystemProcessorStatistics, // 23 Y N SystemDpcInformation, // 24 Y Y SystemNotImplemented6, // 25 Y N SystemLoadImage, // 26 N Y SystemUnloadImage, // 27 N Y SystemTimeAdjustment, // 28 Y Y SystemNotImplemented7, // 29 Y N SystemNotImplemented8, // 30 Y N SystemNotImplemented9, // 31 Y N SystemCrashDumpInformation, // 32 Y N SystemExceptionInformation, // 33 Y N SystemCrashDumpStateInformation, // 34 Y Y/N SystemKernelDebuggerInformation, // 35 Y N SystemContextSwitchInformation, // 36 Y N SystemRegistryQuotaInformation, // 37 Y Y SystemLoadAndCallImage, // 38 N Y SystemPrioritySeparation, // 39 N Y SystemNotImplemented10, // 40 Y N SystemNotImplemented11, // 41 Y N SystemInvalidInfoClass2, // 42 SystemInvalidInfoClass3, // 43 SystemTimeZoneInformation, // 44 Y N SystemLookasideInformation, // 45 Y N SystemSetTimeSlipEvent, // 46 N Y SystemCreateSession, // 47 N Y SystemDeleteSession, // 48 N Y SystemInvalidInfoClass4, // 49 SystemRangeStartInformation, // 50 Y N SystemVerifierInformation, // 51 Y Y SystemAddVerifier, // 52 N Y SystemSessionProcessesInformation // 53 Y N } SYSTEM_INFORMATION_CLASS; //ZwQuerySystemInformation 遍历系统所有句柄的句柄信息 //句柄的详细信息 typedef struct _SYSTEM_HANDLE_TABLE_ENTRY_INFO { USHORT UniqueProcessId; USHORT CreatorBackTraceIndex; UCHAR ObjectTypeIndex; UCHAR HandleAttributes; USHORT HandleValue; PVOID Object; ULONG GrantedAccess; } SYSTEM_HANDLE_TABLE_ENTRY_INFO, *PSYSTEM_HANDLE_TABLE_ENTRY_INFO; //全局句柄记录的个数 typedef struct _SYSTEM_HANDLE_INFORMATION { ULONG NumberOfHandles; SYSTEM_HANDLE_TABLE_ENTRY_INFO Handles[1]; } SYSTEM_HANDLE_INFORMATION, *PSYSTEM_HANDLE_INFORMATION; //******** typedef struct _LSA_UNICODE_STRING { USHORT Length; USHORT MaximumLength; PWSTR Buffer; } LSA_UNICODE_STRING, *PLSA_UNICODE_STRING, UNICODE_STRING, *PUNICODE_STRING; typedef struct _CLIENT_ID { HANDLE UniqueProcess; HANDLE UniqueThread; } CLIENT_ID; typedef enum _THREAD_STATE { StateInitialized, StateReady, StateRunning, StateStandby, StateTerminated, StateWait, StateTransition, StateUnknown } THREAD_STATE; typedef enum _KWAIT_REASON { Executive, FreePage, PageIn, PoolAllocation, DelayExecution, Suspended, UserRequest, WrExecutive, WrFreePage, WrPageIn, WrPoolAllocation, WrDelayExecution, WrSuspended, WrUserRequest, WrEventPair, WrQueue, WrLpcReceive, WrLpcReply, WrVirtualMemory, WrPageOut, WrRendezvous, Spare2, Spare3, Spare4, Spare5, Spare6, WrKernel } KWAIT_REASON; /*typedef struct _IO_COUNTERS { LARGE_INTEGER ReadOperationCount; //I/O读操作数目 LARGE_INTEGER WriteOperationCount; //I/O写操作数目 LARGE_INTEGER OtherOperationCount; //I/O其他操作数目 LARGE_INTEGER ReadTransferCount; //I/O读数据数目 LARGE_INTEGER WriteTransferCount; //I/O写数据数目 LARGE_INTEGER OtherTransferCount; //I/O其他操作数据数目 } IO_COUNTERS, *PIO_COUNTERS; */ typedef struct _VM_COUNTERS { ULONG PeakVirtualSize; //虚拟存储峰值大小 ULONG VirtualSize; //虚拟存储大小 ULONG PageFaultCount; //页故障数目 ULONG PeakWorkingSetSize; //工作集峰值大小 ULONG WorkingSetSize; //工作集大小 ULONG QuotaPeakPagedPoolUsage; //分页池使用配额峰值 ULONG QuotaPagedPoolUsage; //分页池使用配额 ULONG QuotaPeakNonPagedPoolUsage; //非分页池使用配额峰值 ULONG QuotaNonPagedPoolUsage; //非分页池使用配额 ULONG PagefileUsage; //页文件使用情况 ULONG PeakPagefileUsage; //页文件使用峰值 } VM_COUNTERS, *PVM_COUNTERS; typedef LONG KPRIORITY; typedef struct _SYSTEM_THREADS { LARGE_INTEGER KernelTime; LARGE_INTEGER UserTime; LARGE_INTEGER CreateTime; ULONG WaitTime; PVOID StartAddress; CLIENT_ID ClientId; KPRIORITY Priority; KPRIORITY BasePriority; ULONG ContextSwitchCount; THREAD_STATE State; KWAIT_REASON WaitReason; } SYSTEM_THREADS, *PSYSTEM_THREADS; typedef struct _SYSTEM_PROCESSES { ULONG NextEntryDelta; ULONG ThreadCount; ULONG Reserved1[6]; LARGE_INTEGER CreateTime; LARGE_INTEGER UserTime; LARGE_INTEGER KernelTime; UNICODE_STRING ProcessName; KPRIORITY BasePriority; ULONG ProcessId; ULONG InheritedFromProcessId; ULONG HandleCount; ULONG Reserved2[2]; VM_COUNTERS VmCounters; IO_COUNTERS IoCounters; SYSTEM_THREADS Threads[1]; } SYSTEM_PROCESSES, *PSYSTEM_PROCESSES; typedef struct _SYSTEM_BASIC_INFORMATION { BYTE Reserved1[24]; PVOID Reserved2[4]; CCHAR NumberOfProcessors; } SYSTEM_BASIC_INFORMATION; typedef struct tagSYSTEM_MODULE_INFORMATION { ULONG Reserved[2]; PVOID Base; ULONG Size; ULONG Flags; USHORT Index; USHORT Unknown; USHORT LoadCount; USHORT ModuleNameOffset; CHAR ImageName[256]; } SYSTEM_MODULE_INFORMATION, *PSYSTEM_MODULE_INFORMATION; //ZwQueryInformationProcess 遍历进程信息. typedef enum _PROCESSINFOCLASS { ProcessBasicInformation = 0, ProcessQuotaLimits = 1, ProcessIoCounters = 2, ProcessVmCounters = 3, ProcessTimes = 4, ProcessBasePriority = 5, ProcessRaisePriority = 6, ProcessDebugPort = 7, ProcessExceptionPort = 8, ProcessAccessToken = 9, ProcessLdtInformation = 10, ProcessLdtSize = 11, ProcessDefaultHardErrorMode = 12, ProcessIoPortHandlers = 13, // Note: this is kernel mode only ProcessPooledUsageAndLimits = 14, ProcessWorkingSetWatch = 15, ProcessUserModeIOPL = 16, ProcessEnableAlignmentFaultFixup = 17, ProcessPriorityClass = 18, ProcessWx86Information = 19, ProcessHandleCount = 20, ProcessAffinityMask = 21, ProcessPriorityBoost = 22, ProcessDeviceMap = 23, ProcessSessionInformation = 24, ProcessForegroundInformation = 25, ProcessWow64Information = 26, ProcessImageFileName = 27, ProcessLUIDDeviceMapsEnabled = 28, ProcessBreakOnTermination = 29, ProcessDebugObjectHandle = 30, ProcessDebugFlags = 31, ProcessHandleTracing = 32, ProcessIoPriority = 33, ProcessExecuteFlags = 34, ProcessTlsInformation = 35, ProcessCookie = 36, ProcessImageInformation = 37, ProcessCycleTime = 38, ProcessPagePriority = 39, ProcessInstrumentationCallback = 40, ProcessThreadStackAllocation = 41, ProcessWorkingSetWatchEx = 42, ProcessImageFileNameWin32 = 43, ProcessImageFileMapping = 44, ProcessAffinityUpdateMode = 45, ProcessMemoryAllocationMode = 46, ProcessGroupInformation = 47, ProcessTokenVirtualizationEnabled = 48, ProcessOwnerInformation = 49, ProcessWindowInformation = 50, ProcessHandleInformation = 51, ProcessMitigationPolicy = 52, ProcessDynamicFunctionTableInformation = 53, ProcessHandleCheckingMode = 54, ProcessKeepAliveCount = 55, ProcessRevokeFileHandles = 56, ProcessWorkingSetControl = 57, ProcessHandleTable = 58, ProcessCheckStackExtentsMode = 59, ProcessCommandLineInformation = 60, ProcessProtectionInformation = 61, ProcessMemoryExhaustion = 62, ProcessFaultInformation = 63, ProcessTelemetryIdInformation = 64, ProcessCommitReleaseInformation = 65, ProcessReserved1Information = 66, ProcessReserved2Information = 67, ProcessSubsystemProcess = 68, ProcessInPrivate = 70, ProcessRaiseUMExceptionOnInvalidHandleClose = 71, ProcessSubsystemInformation = 75, ProcessWin32kSyscallFilterInformation = 79, ProcessEnergyTrackingState = 82, MaxProcessInfoClass // MaxProcessInfoClass should always be the last enum } PROCESSINFOCLASS; //ZwQueryinfromation信息 typedef enum _RFILE_INFORMATION_CLASS { FileDirectoryInformation1 = 1, FileFullDirectoryInformation, FileBothDirectoryInformation, FileBasicInformation, FileStandardInformation, FileInternalInformation, FileEaInformation, FileAccessInformation, FileNameInformation, FileRenameInformation, FileLinkInformation, FileNamesInformation, FileDispositionInformation, FilePositionInformation, FileFullEaInformation, FileModeInformation, FileAlignmentInformation, FileAllInformation, FileAllocationInformation, FileEndOfFileInformation, FileAlternateNameInformation, FileStreamInformation, FilePipeInformation, FilePipeLocalInformation, FilePipeRemoteInformation, FileMailslotQueryInformation, FileMailslotSetInformation, FileCompressionInformation, FileObjectIdInformation, FileCompletionInformation, FileMoveClusterInformation, FileQuotaInformation, FileReparsePointInformation, FileNetworkOpenInformation, FileAttributeTagInformation, FileTrackingInformation, FileIdBothDirectoryInformation, FileIdFullDirectoryInformation, FileValidDataLengthInformation, FileShortNameInformation, FileIoCompletionNotificationInformation, FileIoStatusBlockRangeInformation, FileIoPriorityHintInformation, FileSfioReserveInformation, FileSfioVolumeInformation, FileHardLinkInformation, FileProcessIdsUsingFileInformation, FileNormalizedNameInformation, FileNetworkPhysicalNameInformation, FileIdGlobalTxDirectoryInformation, FileIsRemoteDeviceInformation, FileUnusedInformation, FileNumaNodeInformation, FileStandardLinkInformation, FileRemoteProtocolInformation, FileRenameInformationBypassAccessCheck, FileLinkInformationBypassAccessCheck, FileVolumeNameInformation, FileIdInformation, FileIdExtdDirectoryInformation, FileReplaceCompletionInformation, FileHardLinkFullIdInformation, FileIdExtdBothDirectoryInformation, FileMaximumInformation } RFILE_INFORMATION_CLASS, *PRFILE_INFORMATION_CLASS; typedef _Enum_is_bitflag_ enum _POOL_TYPE { NonPagedPool, NonPagedPoolExecute = NonPagedPool, PagedPool, NonPagedPoolMustSucceed = NonPagedPool + 2, DontUseThisType, NonPagedPoolCacheAligned = NonPagedPool + 4, PagedPoolCacheAligned, NonPagedPoolCacheAlignedMustS = NonPagedPool + 6, MaxPoolType, // // Define base types for NonPaged (versus Paged) pool, for use in cracking // the underlying pool type. // NonPagedPoolBase = 0, NonPagedPoolBaseMustSucceed = NonPagedPoolBase + 2, NonPagedPoolBaseCacheAligned = NonPagedPoolBase + 4, NonPagedPoolBaseCacheAlignedMustS = NonPagedPoolBase + 6, // // Note these per session types are carefully chosen so that the appropriate // masking still applies as well as MaxPoolType above. // NonPagedPoolSession = 32, PagedPoolSession = NonPagedPoolSession + 1, NonPagedPoolMustSucceedSession = PagedPoolSession + 1, DontUseThisTypeSession = NonPagedPoolMustSucceedSession + 1, NonPagedPoolCacheAlignedSession = DontUseThisTypeSession + 1, PagedPoolCacheAlignedSession = NonPagedPoolCacheAlignedSession + 1, NonPagedPoolCacheAlignedMustSSession = PagedPoolCacheAlignedSession + 1, NonPagedPoolNx = 512, NonPagedPoolNxCacheAligned = NonPagedPoolNx + 4, NonPagedPoolSessionNx = NonPagedPoolNx + 32, } _Enum_is_bitflag_ POOL_TYPE; typedef struct _PUBLIC_OBJECT_TYPE_INFORMATION { UNICODE_STRING TypeName; ULONG TotalNumberOfHandles; ULONG TotalNumberOfObjects; WCHAR Unused1[8]; ULONG HighWaterNumberOfHandles; ULONG HighWaterNumberOfObjects; WCHAR Unused2[8]; ACCESS_MASK InvalidAttributes; GENERIC_MAPPING GenericMapping; ACCESS_MASK ValidAttributes; BOOLEAN SecurityRequired; BOOLEAN MaintainHandleCount; USHORT MaintainTypeList; POOL_TYPE PoolType; ULONG DefaultPagedPoolCharge; ULONG DefaultNonPagedPoolCharge; BYTE Unknown2[16]; } PUBLIC_OBJECT_TYPE_INFORMATION, *PPUBLIC_OBJECT_TYPE_INFORMATION; //遍历系统信息 typedef NTSTATUS(WINAPI * PfnZwQuerySystemInformation)( IN ULONG SysInfoClass, IN OUT PVOID SystemInfroMation, IN ULONG SystemInforMationLength, OUT PULONG RetLen); typedef enum _OBJECT_INFORMATION_CLASS { ObjectBasicInformation = 0, //如果为1表示获取名字信息 ObjectFileInformation = 1, ObjectTypeInformation = 2 //表示获取类型信息 } OBJECT_INFORMATION_CLASS; //单独对象获取打开句柄的信息 typedef NTSTATUS(WINAPI * PfnZwQueryObject)( _In_opt_ HANDLE Handle, //句柄 _In_ OBJECT_INFORMATION_CLASS ObjectInformationClass, //要获取的类型信息 PVOID ObjectInformation, //缓冲区 用户模式下使用 NtQueryObject _In_ ULONG ObjectInformationLength, _Out_opt_ //缓冲区大小 PULONG ReturnLength); //返回长度 // NtQueryObject类型为0的信息结构体 typedef struct _PUBLIC_OBJECT_BASIC_INFORMATION { ULONG Attributes; ACCESS_MASK GrantedAccess; ULONG HandleCount; ULONG PointerCount; ULONG Reserved[10]; } PUBLIC_OBJECT_BASIC_INFORMATION, *PPUBLIC_OBJECT_BASIC_INFORMATION; //查询句柄信息. typedef struct _OBJECT_NAME_INformATION { UNICODE_STRING Name; } OBJECT_NAME_INFORMATION, *POBJECT_NAME_INFORMATION; //遍历文件需要的信息 typedef struct _IO_STATUS_BLOCK { #pragma warning(push) #pragma warning(disable: 4201) // we'll always use the Microsoft compiler union { NTSTATUS Status; PVOID Pointer; } DUMMYUNIONNAME; #pragma warning(pop) ULONG_PTR Information; } IO_STATUS_BLOCK, *PIO_STATUS_BLOCK; typedef struct _FILE_NAME_INFORMATION { ULONG FileNameLength; WCHAR FileName[1]; } FILE_NAME_INFORMATION, *PFILE_NAME_INFORMATION; typedef NTSTATUS(WINAPI * PfnNtQueryInformationFile)( HANDLE FileHandle, PIO_STATUS_BLOCK IoStatusBlock, PVOID FileInformation, ULONG Length, RFILE_INFORMATION_CLASS FileInformationClass ); //NtQueryObject类型为1的信息结构体. //typedef struct __PUBLIC_OBJECT_TYPE_INFORMATION { // UNICODE_STRING TypeName; // ULONG Reserved[22]; //} PUBLIC_OBJECT_TYPE_INFORMATION, *PPUBLIC_OBJECT_TYPE_INFORMATION; //函数指针赋值. //遍历某个进程的句柄信息 typedef NTSTATUS(WINAPI* PfnZwQueryInformationProcess)( _In_ HANDLE ProcessHandle, _In_ PROCESSINFOCLASS ProcessInformationClass, //根据类型信息获取不同的信息 _Out_ PVOID ProcessInformation, _In_ ULONG ProcessInformationLength, _Out_opt_ PULONG ReturnLength );
5.代码演示截图.
6.附加
如果获取句柄了. 还可以使用上面所说的 NtQueryObject来遍历句柄的 其它信息.
