Java网络编程 — AIO异步网络编程

  • 2019 年 10 月 7 日
  • 筆記

AIO中的A即Asynchronous,AIO即异步IO。它是异步非阻塞的,客户端的I/O请求都是由OS先完成了再通知服务器应用去启动线程进行处理,一般我们的业务处理逻辑会变成一个回调函数,等待IO操作完成后,由系统自动触发。

在进行读写操作时,只需直接调用API的read/write方法即可。这两种方法均为异步的,对于读操作而言,当有流可读取时,操作系统会将可读的流传入read方法的缓冲区,并通知应用程序;对于写操作而言,当操作系统将write方法传递的流写入完毕时,操作系统主动通知应用程序。即可以理解为,read/write方法都是异步的,完成后会主动调用回调函数。

AIO其实是对NIO的增强,新增了许多支持异步的类如AsynchronousServerSocketChannel,AsynchronousChannel,AsynchronousChannelGroup,CompletionHandler等。

在Linux系统中AIO和NIO的底层实现都是epoll,epoll本身是轮询模型,AIO只不过是对epoll又包了一层,而在windows系统中AIO是通过IOCP(完成端口)实现。而目前大多数的服务器都是Linux系统,这也是Netty中使用NIO而非AIO的一个原因,在实际使用中由于操作系统的差异,AIO的性能有时并没有NIO高效,因此AIO的使用并没有很广泛。

AIO服务端代码示例:

public class AIOServer {      public static void main(String[] args) throws IOException {        // 多线程版本      //    ExecutorService executorService = Executors.newCachedThreadPool();      //    AsynchronousChannelGroup channelGroup =      //        AsynchronousChannelGroup.withCachedThreadPool(executorService, 1);      //      AsynchronousServerSocketChannel serverSocketChannel =      //              AsynchronousServerSocketChannel.open(channelGroup).bind(new      // InetSocketAddress(8080));        // 单线程版本      AsynchronousServerSocketChannel serverSocketChannel =          AsynchronousServerSocketChannel.open().bind(new InetSocketAddress(8080));        serverSocketChannel.accept(          null,          new CompletionHandler<AsynchronousSocketChannel, Object>() {            @Override            public void completed(AsynchronousSocketChannel client, Object attachment) {              serverSocketChannel.accept(null, this);              try {                System.out.println(client.getRemoteAddress());                ByteBuffer byteBuffer = ByteBuffer.allocate(1024);                client.read(                    byteBuffer,                    byteBuffer,                    new CompletionHandler<Integer, ByteBuffer>() {                      @Override                      public void completed(Integer result, ByteBuffer attachment) {                        attachment.flip();                        byte[] content = new byte[attachment.limit()];                        attachment.get(content);                        System.out.println(new String(content));                        try {                          System.out.println("Client: " + client.getRemoteAddress());                        } catch (IOException e) {                          e.printStackTrace();                        }                      }                        @Override                      public void failed(Throwable exc, ByteBuffer attachment) {                        System.out.println("failed: " + exc.getMessage());                      }                    });                } catch (Exception e) {                e.printStackTrace();              }            }              @Override            public void failed(Throwable exc, Object attachment) {}          });        while (true) {        try {          Thread.sleep(1000);        } catch (InterruptedException e) {          e.printStackTrace();        }      }    }  }

AIO客户端代码示例:

public class AIOClient {      public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception {      AsynchronousSocketChannel socketChannel = AsynchronousSocketChannel.open();      socketChannel.connect(new InetSocketAddress("127.0.0.1", 8080));      Thread.sleep(1000);      ByteBuffer buffer = ByteBuffer.wrap("Hello Server".getBytes());      socketChannel.write(buffer).get();    }  }