Java中实现线程的方式

  • 2019 年 10 月 7 日
  • 筆記

Java中实现线程的方式

Java中实现多线程的方式的方式中最核心的就是 run()方法,不管何种方式其最终都是通过run()来运行。

Java刚发布时也就是JDK 1.0版本提供了两种实现方式,一个是继承Thread类,一个是实现Runnable接口。两种方式都是去重写run()方法,在run()方法中去实现具体的业务代码。

但这两种方式有一个共同的弊端,就是由于run()方法是没有返回值的,所以通过这两方式实现的多线程读无法获得执行的结果。

为了解决这个问题在JDK 1.5的时候引入一个Callable<V>接口,根据泛型V设定返回值的类型,实现他的call()方法,可以获得线程执行的返回结果。

虽然call()方法可以获得返回值,但它需要配合一个Future<V>才能拿到返回结果,而这个Future<V>又是继承了Runnable的一个接口。通过查阅源码就可以发现Future<V>的实现FutureTask<V>其在做具体业务代码执行的时候仍是在run()里面实现的。

FutureTask 源码片段:

public void run() {          if (state != NEW ||              !UNSAFE.compareAndSwapObject(this, runnerOffset,                                           null, Thread.currentThread()))              return;          try {              Callable<V> c = callable;              if (c != null && state == NEW) {                  V result;                  boolean ran;                  try {                      result = c.call();                      ran = true;                  } catch (Throwable ex) {                      result = null;                      ran = false;                      setException(ex);                  }                  if (ran)                      set(result);              }          } finally {              // runner must be non-null until state is settled to              // prevent concurrent calls to run()              runner = null;              // state must be re-read after nulling runner to prevent              // leaked interrupts              int s = state;              if (s >= INTERRUPTING)                  handlePossibleCancellationInterrupt(s);          }      }

Java多线程实现方式的代码示例:

通过继承Thread类实现

public class ThreadTest {      public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception {      Thread myThread = new MyThread();      myThread.setName("MyThread-entends-Thread-test");      myThread.start();      }  }    class MyThread extends Thread {      @Override    public void run() {      System.out.println("Thread Name:" + Thread.currentThread().getName());    }  }

通过实现Runnable接口实现

public class ThreadTest {      public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception {        MyRunnableThread myRunnable = new MyRunnableThread();      Thread myRunnableThread = new Thread(myRunnable);      myRunnableThread.setName("MyThread-implements-Runnable-test");      myRunnableThread.start();    }  }    class MyRunnableThread implements Runnable {      @Override    public void run() {      System.out.println("Thread Name:" + Thread.currentThread().getName());    }  }

通过实现Callable接口实现

public class ThreadTest {      public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception {        Callable<String> myCallable = new MyCallableThread();      FutureTask<String> futureTask = new FutureTask<>(myCallable);      Thread myCallableThread = new Thread(futureTask);      myCallableThread.setName("MyThread-implements-Callable-test");      myCallableThread.start();      System.out.println("Run by Thread:" + futureTask.get());        //通过线程池执行      ExecutorService executorService = Executors.newCachedThreadPool();      executorService.submit(futureTask);      executorService.shutdown();      System.out.println("Run by ExecutorService:" + futureTask.get());    }  }    class MyCallableThread implements Callable<String> {      @Override    public String call() throws Exception {      return Thread.currentThread().getName();    }  }

当然由于线程的创建和销毁需要消耗资源,Java中还提供了许多线程池相关的API,上述示例中ExecutorService就是线程池API中的一个,关于线程池的详细内容将会在下一篇继续,欢迎大家关注。