【Flutter 专题】62 图解基本 Button 按钮小结 (二)

  • 2019 年 10 月 7 日
  • 筆記

和尚继续尝试 Flutter 的基本按钮;今天和尚学习 MaterialButton 系列相关 Button;该系列以 MaterialButton 为父类,衍生出 RaisedButton 凸起按钮,FlatButton 扁平按钮和 OutlineButton 边框按钮;可根据不同场景灵活运用;

MaterialButton

源码分析
const MaterialButton({      Key key,      @required this.onPressed,      this.onHighlightChanged,        // 高亮变化的回调      this.textTheme,                 // 文字主题      this.textColor,                 // 文字颜色      this.disabledTextColor,         // 不可点击时文字颜色      this.color,                     // 背景色      this.disabledColor,             // 不可点击时背景色      this.highlightColor,            // 点击高亮时背景色      this.splashColor,               // 水波纹颜色      this.colorBrightness,      this.elevation,                 // 阴影高度      this.highlightElevation,        // 高亮时阴影高度      this.disabledElevation,         // 不可点击时阴影高度      this.padding,                   // 内容周围边距      this.shape,                     // 按钮样式      this.clipBehavior = Clip.none,  // 抗锯齿剪切效果      this.materialTapTargetSize,     // 点击目标的最小尺寸      this.animationDuration,         // 动画效果持续时长      this.minWidth,                  // 最小宽度      this.height,                    // 按钮高度      this.child,   })  

分析源码可知,MaterialButton 作为其他 Button 父类,各属性比较清晰明了,有 hight 属性可设置 Button 高度,其子类 Button 只可通过 padding 或其他方式调整高度;

案例尝试

和尚测试发现 hight 可以设置 MaterialButton 高度,但 shape 按钮形状却不适用;其父类 RawMaterialButton 却正常;和尚尝试网上大神的处理方式是外层依赖 Material 并需要 clip 裁切成 shape 样式;有待进一步学习;

Material(      shape: RoundedRectangleBorder(borderRadius: BorderRadius.circular(30.0)),      clipBehavior: Clip.antiAlias,      child: MaterialButton(          color: Colors.teal.withOpacity(0.4),          height: 60.0,          child: Text('MaterialButton'),          onPressed: () {}))

RaisedButton / FlatButton

源码分析
const RaisedButton({      Key key,      @required VoidCallback onPressed,      ValueChanged<bool> onHighlightChanged,      ButtonTextTheme textTheme,          // 按钮文字主题      Color textColor,                    // 子元素颜色      Color disabledTextColor,            // 不可点击时子元素颜色      Color color,                        // 按钮背景色      Color disabledColor,                // 不可点击时按钮背景色      Color highlightColor,               // 点击高亮时按钮背景色      Color splashColor,                  // 水波纹颜色      Brightness colorBrightness,         // 颜色对比度      double elevation,                   // 阴影高度      double highlightElevation,          // 高亮时阴影高度      double disabledElevation,           // 不可点击时阴影高度      EdgeInsetsGeometry padding,         // 子元素周围边距      ShapeBorder shape,                  // 按钮样式      Clip clipBehavior = Clip.none,      // 抗锯齿剪切效果      MaterialTapTargetSize materialTapTargetSize,      Duration animationDuration,         // 动画时长      Widget child,  })    const FlatButton({      Key key,      @required VoidCallback onPressed,      ValueChanged<bool> onHighlightChanged,      ButtonTextTheme textTheme,          // 按钮文字主题      Color textColor,                    // 子元素颜色      Color disabledTextColor,            // 不可点击时子元素颜色      Color color,                        // 按钮背景色      Color disabledColor,                // 不可点击时按钮背景色      Color highlightColor,               // 点击高亮时按钮背景色      Color splashColor,                  // 水波纹颜色      Brightness colorBrightness,         // 颜色对比度      EdgeInsetsGeometry padding,         // 子元素周围边距      ShapeBorder shape,                  // 按钮样式      Clip clipBehavior = Clip.none,      // 抗锯齿剪切效果      MaterialTapTargetSize materialTapTargetSize,      @required Widget child,    })  

分析源码可知,RaisedButtonFlatButton 基本完全相同,只是 RaisedButton 多了一些阴影高度的特有属性,和尚准备同时对两类 Button 进行尝试,比较两者的不同;

案例尝试
  1. 和尚首先尝试最基本的 RaisedButton / FlatButton 可点击和不可点击样式;
// 可点击  RaisedButton(child: Text('RaisedButton'), onPressed: () => Toast.show('RaisedButton', context, duration: Toast.LENGTH_SHORT, gravity: Toast.BOTTOM))  FlatButton(child: Text('FlatButton'), onPressed: () => Toast.show('FlatButton', context, duration: Toast.LENGTH_SHORT, gravity: Toast.BOTTOM))    // 不可点击  RaisedButton(child: Text('RaisedButton'), onPressed: null)  FlatButton(child: Text('FlatButton'), onPressed: null)  
  1. ButtonTextTheme 为默认子元素主题,可以设置基本的三种主题样式:nomal 对应 [ThemeData.brightness]primary 对应 [ThemeData.primaryColor]accent 对应 [ThemeData.accentColor];展示效果比较明显;
RaisedButton(child: Text('R.nomal'), textTheme: ButtonTextTheme.normal, onPressed: () => Toast.show('RaisedButton', context, duration: Toast.LENGTH_SHORT, gravity: Toast.BOTTOM))  RaisedButton(child: Text('R.primary'), textTheme: ButtonTextTheme.primary, onPressed: () => Toast.show('RaisedButton', context, duration: Toast.LENGTH_SHORT, gravity: Toast.BOTTOM))  RaisedButton(child: Text('R.accent'), textTheme: ButtonTextTheme.accent, onPressed: () => Toast.show('RaisedButton', context, duration: Toast.LENGTH_SHORT, gravity: Toast.BOTTOM))    FlatButton(child: Text('F.nomal'), textTheme: ButtonTextTheme.normal, onPressed: () => Toast.show('FlatButton', context, duration: Toast.LENGTH_SHORT, gravity: Toast.BOTTOM))  FlatButton(child: Text('F.primary'), textTheme: ButtonTextTheme.primary, onPressed: () => Toast.show('FlatButton', context, duration: Toast.LENGTH_SHORT, gravity: Toast.BOTTOM))  FlatButton(child: Text('F.accent'), textTheme: ButtonTextTheme.accent, onPressed: () => Toast.show('FlatButton', context, duration: Toast.LENGTH_SHORT, gravity: Toast.BOTTOM))    OutlineButton(child: Text('O.nomal'), textTheme: ButtonTextTheme.normal, onPressed: () => Toast.show('OutlineButton', context, duration: Toast.LENGTH_SHORT, gravity: Toast.BOTTOM))  OutlineButton(child: Text('O.primary'), textTheme: ButtonTextTheme.primary, onPressed: () => Toast.show('OutlineButton', context, duration: Toast.LENGTH_SHORT, gravity: Toast.BOTTOM))  OutlineButton(child: Text('O.accent'), textTheme: ButtonTextTheme.accent, onPressed: () => Toast.show('OutlineButton', context, duration: Toast.LENGTH_SHORT, gravity: Toast.BOTTOM))  
  1. textColor 为子 Widget 中元素颜色,不仅为文字颜色;disabledTextColor 为不可点击时子 Widget 元素颜色;splashColor 为点击时水波纹颜色;
// 可点击  RaisedButton(child: Row(mainAxisSize: MainAxisSize.min,          children: <Widget>[ Padding(child: Icon(Icons.ac_unit), padding: EdgeInsets.only(right: 10.0)), Text('RaisedButton') ]),      textColor: Colors.deepPurple, onPressed: () => {})  FlatButton(child: Row(mainAxisSize: MainAxisSize.min,          children: <Widget>[ Padding(child: Icon(Icons.ac_unit), padding: EdgeInsets.only(right: 10.0)), Text('FlatButton') ]),      textColor: Colors.deepPurple, onPressed: () => {})    // 不可点击  RaisedButton(child: Row(mainAxisSize: MainAxisSize.min,          children: <Widget>[ Padding(child: Icon(Icons.ac_unit), padding: EdgeInsets.only(right: 10.0)), Text('RaisedButton') ]),      textColor: Colors.deepPurple, onPressed: null)  FlatButton(child: Row(mainAxisSize: MainAxisSize.min,          children: <Widget>[ Padding(child: Icon(Icons.ac_unit), padding: EdgeInsets.only(right: 10.0)), Text('FlatButton') ]),      textColor: Colors.deepPurple, onPressed: null)  
  1. colorButton 背景色;highlightColor 为点击时高亮背景色;disabledColor 为不可点击时背景色;
// 可点击  RaisedButton(child: Text('RaisedButton'), onPressed: () => {},      color: Colors.green.withOpacity(0.4), highlightColor: Colors.purple.withOpacity(0.4),      splashColor: Colors.yellow.withOpacity(0.7))  FlatButton(child: Text('FlatButton'), onPressed: () => {},      color: Colors.green.withOpacity(0.4), highlightColor: Colors.purple.withOpacity(0.4),      splashColor: Colors.yellow.withOpacity(0.7))    // 不可点击  RaisedButton(child: Text('RaisedButton'), onPressed: null, disabledColor: Colors.red.withOpacity(0.4))  FlatButton(child: Text('FlatButton'), onPressed: null, disabledColor: Colors.red.withOpacity(0.4),)  
  1. shapeButton 形状;因按钮没有 Materialhight 属性,需要采用 padding 或外层依赖其他 Widget 调整按钮大小;
RaisedButton(child: Text('RaisedButton'), onPressed: () => {}      padding: EdgeInsets.all(16.0),      shape: RoundedRectangleBorder(borderRadius: BorderRadius.all(Radius.circular(30.0))))  FlatButton(child: Text('FlatButton'), onPressed: () => {}      padding: EdgeInsets.all(16.0),      shape: RoundedRectangleBorder(borderRadius: BorderRadius.all(Radius.circular(30.0))))  
  1. colorBrightness 代表颜色对比度,一般分为 light / dark 两种;一般时深色的背景需要浅色的文字对比,浅色的背景需要深色的文字对比;
// 可点击  RaisedButton(child: Text('R.light'), colorBrightness: Brightness.light, onPressed: () => {})  RaisedButton(child: Text('R.dark'), colorBrightness: Brightness.dark, onPressed: () => {})  FlatButton(child: Text('F.light'), colorBrightness: Brightness.light, onPressed: () => {})  FlatButton(child: Text('F.dark'), colorBrightness: Brightness.dark, onPressed: () => {})    // 不可点击  RaisedButton(child: Text('R.light'), colorBrightness: Brightness.light, onPressed: null)  RaisedButton(child: Text('R.dark'), colorBrightness: Brightness.dark, onPressed: null)  FlatButton(child: Text('F.light'), colorBrightness: Brightness.light, onPressed: null)  FlatButton(child: Text('F.dark'), colorBrightness: Brightness.dark, onPressed: null)  
  1. RaisedButton / FlatButton 均提供了 .icon 带图标的简单方式,icon / label 两个属性是必须属性;注意,.icon 方式中 RaisedButton 没有 padding 属性;
RaisedButton.icon(icon: Icon(Icons.ac_unit), label: Text('RaisedButton'),      shape: RoundedRectangleBorder(borderRadius: BorderRadius.all(Radius.circular(30.0))), onPressed: () => {})  FlatButton.icon(icon: Icon(Icons.ac_unit), label: Text('FlatButton'),      padding: EdgeInsets.all(16.0),      shape: RoundedRectangleBorder(borderRadius: BorderRadius.all(Radius.circular(30.0))), onPressed: () => {})  
  1. elevationRaisedButton 所特有的阴影高度;highlightElevation 为高亮时阴影高度;disabledColor 为不可点击时阴影高度;
RaisedButton(child: Text('阴影'), elevation: 20.0, onPressed: () => {})  RaisedButton(child: Text('阴影'), elevation: 0.0, highlightElevation: 20.0, onPressed: () => {})  RaisedButton(child: Text('阴影'), disabledElevation: 20.0, onPressed: null)  

OutlineButton

源码分析
const OutlineButton({      Key key,      @required VoidCallback onPressed,      ButtonTextTheme textTheme,          // 按钮文字主题      Color textColor,                    // 文字颜色      Color disabledTextColor,            // 不可点击时文字颜色      Color color,                        // 按钮背景色      Color highlightColor,               // 高亮时颜色      Color splashColor,                  // 水波纹颜色      double highlightElevation,          // 高亮时阴影高度      this.borderSide,                    // 边框样式      this.disabledBorderColor,           // 不可点击时边框颜色      this.highlightedBorderColor,        // 高亮时边框颜色      EdgeInsetsGeometry padding,         // 内容周围边距      ShapeBorder shape,                  // 按钮样式      Clip clipBehavior = Clip.none,      // 抗锯齿剪切效果      Widget child,  })  

分析源码可知,OutlineButton 与其他两种按钮略有不同,强调边框的样式属性且无长按的 tooltip 属性;

案例尝试
  1. 和尚首先尝试一个最基本的 OutlineButton;长按无提醒;
OutlineButton(child: Text('OutlineButton'), onPressed: () => Toast.show('OutlineButton', context, duration: Toast.LENGTH_SHORT, gravity: Toast.BOTTOM))  
  1. 和尚尝试与其他按钮相同的几类按钮属性,使用方式相同;
OutlineButton(      child: Row(mainAxisSize: MainAxisSize.min, children: <Widget>[        Padding(child: Icon(Icons.ac_unit), padding: EdgeInsets.only(right: 10.0)),        Text('OutlineButton')      ]),      textColor: Colors.pink,      disabledTextColor: Colors.green,      padding: EdgeInsets.all(20.0),      color: Colors.blueAccent.withOpacity(0.2),      highlightColor: Colors.amber,      borderSide: BorderSide(width: 4.0),      highlightedBorderColor: Colors.brown,      disabledBorderColor: Colors.greenAccent,      shape: RoundedRectangleBorder(borderRadius: BorderRadius.all(Radius.circular(50.0))),      clipBehavior: Clip.none,      onPressed: () => Toast.show('OutlineButton', context, duration: Toast.LENGTH_SHORT, gravity: Toast.BOTTOM))  
  1. 以下为 OutlineButton 特有属性:borderSide 代表边框样式;disabledBorderColor 代表不可点击时边框颜色;highlightedBorderColor 代表高亮时边框颜色;其中 borderSide 可以设置边框颜色宽度及样式(solid / none);
OutlineButton(child: Text('OutlineButton'),      borderSide: BorderSide(width: 4.0, color: Colors.deepPurple, style: BorderStyle.solid),      highlightedBorderColor: Colors.teal,      onPressed: () => Toast.show('OutlineButton', context, duration: Toast.LENGTH_SHORT, gravity: Toast.BOTTOM))    OutlineButton(child: Text('OutlineButton'),      borderSide: BorderSide(width: 4.0, color: Colors.deepPurple, style: BorderStyle.solid),      disabledBorderColor: Colors.redAccent,      onPressed: null)  
  1. OutlineButton 还提供了 .icon 带图标的简单方式,icon / label 两个属性是必须属性;
OutlineButton.icon(      icon: Icon(Icons.ac_unit),      label: Text('OutlineButton'),      textColor: Colors.pink,      disabledTextColor: Colors.green,      padding: EdgeInsets.all(20.0),      color: Colors.blueAccent.withOpacity(0.2),      highlightColor: Colors.amber,      borderSide: BorderSide(width: 4.0),      highlightedBorderColor: Colors.brown,      disabledBorderColor: Colors.greenAccent,      shape: RoundedRectangleBorder(borderRadius: BorderRadius.all(Radius.circular(50.0))),      clipBehavior: Clip.none,      onPressed: () => Toast.show('OutlineButton', context, duration: Toast.LENGTH_SHORT, gravity: Toast.BOTTOM))  

扩展

1. textColor 的作用?

和尚原来以为按钮的子元素是 Widget,可自由设置各类效果,单独的 textColor 是否会略显多余;可实际并非如此,子元素设置颜色等之后 textColor 不生效;但 textColor 与主题相关;和尚以 OutlineButton 为例,一目了然;

// Text 设置颜色  OutlineButton(      child: Text('OutlineButton', style: TextStyle(color: Colors.deepPurple)),      onPressed: () => Toast.show('OutlineButton', context, duration: Toast.LENGTH_SHORT, gravity: Toast.BOTTOM))  // textColor 设置颜色  OutlineButton(      child: Text('OutlineButton'), textColor: Colors.deepPurple,      onPressed: () => Toast.show('OutlineButton', context, duration: Toast.LENGTH_SHORT, gravity: Toast.BOTTOM))  

2. 阴影如何改颜色?

使用 RaisedButton 时会自带阴影效果,阴影的高度和高亮时的阴影高度均可自由设置;但是阴影的颜色应该如何处理呢,官方暂未提供阴影效果属性;和尚尝试了网上大神的方式,RaisedButton 外层依赖带模糊阴影效果的 Container;和尚借鉴并稍微调整一下,解决方案并非最佳,仅作尝试;

初始时定义一个默认的高度 height 作为阴影高度,监听按钮的 onHighlightChanged 方法更改 height 高度作为高亮时阴影高度;

建议: a. 使用高亮颜色时 highlightElevation 建议设置为 0.0; b. 若按钮有样式设置,依赖的 Container 也要设置相同的 shape 样式;

var height = 5.0;  Container(      decoration: BoxDecoration(          borderRadius: BorderRadius.circular(30.0),          boxShadow: <BoxShadow>[            BoxShadow(                color: Colors.red.withOpacity(0.2),                blurRadius: hight,                offset: Offset(0, hight))          ]),      child: RaisedButton(          child: Text('RaisedButton'),          padding: EdgeInsets.symmetric(vertical: 15.0),          highlightElevation: 0.0,          onHighlightChanged: (state) {            setState(() {              hight = (state) ? 20.0 : 5.0;            });          },          shape: RoundedRectangleBorder(borderRadius: BorderRadius.circular(30.0)),          onPressed: () => {}))