手把手教学:提取PDF各种表格文本数据(附代码)
- 2019 年 10 月 6 日
- 筆記
关于PDFPlumbe
PDFPlumb最适合提取电脑生成的PDF,而不是扫描的PDF。 它是在pdfminer和pdfmine.six基础上设计的。
适用版本: Python2.7、3.1、3.4、3.5和3.6。
安装PDFPlumbe
pip install pdfplumber
要使用pdfplumber的可视化调试工具,还需要在计算机上安装ImageMagick(https://imagemagick.org/index.php),说明如下:
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http://docs.wand-py.org/en/latest/guide/install.html#install-imagemagick-debian
具体参数、提取流程与可视化我们将以案例进行展示,更详细的内容,请大家在文末下载安装包自行查看。
案例一
import pdfplumber pdf = pdfplumber.open("../pdfs/ca-warn-report.pdf") p0 = pdf.pages[0] im = p0.to_image() im
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使用 .extract_table 获取数据:
table = p0.extract_table() table[:3]
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使用pandas将列表呈现为一个DataFrame,并在某些日期内删除多余的空格。
import pandas as pd df = pd.DataFrame(table[1:], columns=table[0]) for column in ["Effective", "Received"]: df[column] = df[column].str.replace(" ", "")
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大功告成!
具体是如何产生的呢?
红线代表pdfplumber在页面上找到的线,蓝色圆圈表示这些线的交叉点,淡蓝色底纹表示从这些交叉点派生的单元格。
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案例二:从PDF中提取图形数据
import pdfplumber report = pdfplumber.open("../pdfs/ag-energy-round-up-2017-02-24.pdf").pages[0] im = report.to_image() im
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页面对象具有 .curves 属性,该属性包含在页面上找到的一个curve对象列表。本报告包含12条曲线,每图4条:
len(report.curves) 12 report.curves[0]
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将它们传递 .draw_lines 确定曲线的位置:
im.draw_lines(report.curves, stroke="red", stroke_width=2)
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我们通过循环使用四种颜色的调色板来获得更好的显示感:
im.reset() colors = [ "gray", "red", "blue", "green" ] for i, curve in enumerate(report.curves): stroke = colors[i%len(colors)] im.draw_circles(curve["points"], radius=3, stroke=stroke, fill="white") im.draw_line(curve["points"], stroke=stroke, stroke_width=2) im
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案例三
import pdfplumber pdf = pdfplumber.open("../pdfs/background-checks.pd") p0 = pdf.pages[0] im = p0.to_image() im
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使用 PageImage.debug_tablefinder() 来检查表格:
im.reset().debug_tablefinder()
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默认设置正确地标识了表的垂直边界,但是没有捕获每组5个states/territories之间的水平边界。所以:
使用自定义 .extract_table :
- 因为列由行分隔,所以我们使用 vertical_strategy="lines"
- 因为行主要由文本之间的沟槽分隔,所以我们使用 horizontal_strategy="text"
- 由于文本的左、右端与竖线不是很齐平,所以我们使用 intersection_tolerance: 15
table_settings = { "vertical_strategy": "lines", "horizontal_strategy": "text", "intersection_x_tolerance": 15 } im.reset().debug_tablefinder(table_settings)
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table = p0.extract_table(table_settings) for row in table[:5]: print(row)
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清理数据(页眉页脚等):
core_table = table[3:3+56] " • ".join(core_table[0])
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" • ".join(core_table[-1])
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COLUMNS = [ "state", "permit", "handgun", "long_gun", "other", "multiple", "admin", "prepawn_handgun", "prepawn_long_gun", "prepawn_other", "redemption_handgun", "redemption_long_gun", "redemption_other", "returned_handgun", "returned_long_gun", "returned_other", "rentals_handgun", "rentals_long_gun", "private_sale_handgun", "private_sale_long_gun", "private_sale_other", "return_to_seller_handgun", "return_to_seller_long_gun", "return_to_seller_other", "totals" ]
def parse_value(i, x): if i == 0: return x if x == "": return None return int(x.replace(",", "")) from collections import OrderedDict def parse_row(row): return OrderedDict((COLUMNS[i], parse_value(i, cell)) for i, cell in enumerate(row)) data = [ parse_row(row) for row in core_table ] Now here's the first row, parsed: data[0]
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案例四
import pdfplumber import re from collections import OrderedDict pdf = pdfplumber.open("../pdfs/san-jose-pd-firearm-sample.pdf") p0 = pdf.pages[0] im = p0.to_image() im
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我们在pdfplumber检测到的每个 char 对象周围绘制矩形。通过这样做,我们可以看到报表主体的的每一行都有相同的宽度,并且每个字段都填充了空格(“”)字符。这意味着我们可以像解析标准的固定宽度数据文件一样解析这些行。
im.reset().draw_rects(p0.chars)
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使用 page .extract_text(…) 方法,逐行抓取页面上的每个字符(文本):
text = p0.extract_text() print(text)
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清理数据(页眉页脚等):
core_pat = re.compile(r"LOCATION[-s]+(.*)ns+Flags = e", re.DOTALL) core = re.search(core_pat, text).group(1) print(core)
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在这份报告中,每f一个irearm占了两行。下面的代码将表拆分为two-line,然后根据每个字段中的字符数解析出字段:
lines = core.split("n") line_groups = list(zip(lines[::2], lines[1::2])) print(line_groups[0])
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def parse_row(first_line, second_line): return OrderedDict([ ("type", first_line[:20].strip()), ("item", first_line[21:41].strip()), ("make", first_line[44:89].strip()), ("model", first_line[90:105].strip()), ("calibre", first_line[106:111].strip()), ("status", first_line[112:120].strip()), ("flags", first_line[124:129].strip()), ("serial_number", second_line[0:13].strip()), ("report_tag_number", second_line[21:41].strip()), ("case_file_number", second_line[44:64].strip()), ("storage_location", second_line[68:91].strip()) ]) parsed = [ parse_row(first_line, second_line) for first_line, second_line in line_groups ]
parsed[:2]
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通过DataFrame进行展示:
mport pandas as pd columns = list(parsed[0].keys()) pd.DataFrame(parsed)[columns]
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