走进Spring Boot源码学习之路和浅谈入门

Spring Boot浅聊入门

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Spring Boot官网地址//spring.io/projects/spring-boot/

Spring Boot可以轻松创建独立的、基于Spring的产品级应用程序“直接运行”。

作为笔者见解,Spring Boot 不算是一个全新的框架,Spring Boot 底层还是大量依赖于Spring Framework,而Spring Framework很早以前版本就已提供基于注解、Java Config而不仅是XML配置编程;Spring Boot采用约定大于配置方式替代xml配置,是Spring Framework一个大升级版本,整合很多自动装配组件,让开发者开箱即用,接下来我们一起来聊聊Spring Boot三个重要的特性和starter开发简易剖析

Spring Boot源码编译

使用最新Releases版本v2.5.3

image-20210811090719315

目前Spring boot和Spring Framework项目都是使用Gradle自动化构建工具,编译直接查看项目根目录下README.adoc文件即可,有时网络不好可以多次编译重试

image-20210811090507786

零配置

Spring Web MVC简述

Spring Web Mvc官网地址 //docs.spring.io/spring-framework/docs/current/reference/html/web.html

Spring Web MVC是基于Servlet API的原始Web框架,从一开始就包含在Spring框架中。“Spring Web MVC”的正式名称来自其源模块的名称(Spring -webmvc),但它通常被称为“Spring MVC”

零配置实现

Spring Web MVC官网开篇最前面第一章第一小节也即是1.1 DispatcherServlet中就重点引用一下这六句代码实现原来我们Spring MVC 工程web.xml里面配置功能,仅通过下面这一小段代码就初始化了Spring根容器和Web子容器,这种方式也是官方推荐使用的

public class MyWebApplicationInitializer implements WebApplicationInitializer {

    @Override
    public void onStartup(ServletContext servletContext) {

        // Load Spring web application configuration
        AnnotationConfigWebApplicationContext context = new AnnotationConfigWebApplicationContext();
        context.register(AppConfig.class);

        // Create and register the DispatcherServlet
        DispatcherServlet servlet = new DispatcherServlet(context);
        ServletRegistration.Dynamic registration = servletContext.addServlet("app", servlet);
        registration.setLoadOnStartup(1);
        registration.addMapping("/app/*");
    }
}

而我们非常熟悉的Spring Web Mvc工程web.xml配置示例注册和初始化DispatcherServlet:

<web-app>

    <listener>
        <listener-class>org.springframework.web.context.ContextLoaderListener</listener-class>
    </listener>

    <context-param>
        <param-name>contextConfigLocation</param-name>
        <param-value>/WEB-INF/app-context.xml</param-value>
    </context-param>

    <servlet>
        <servlet-name>app</servlet-name>
        <servlet-class>org.springframework.web.servlet.DispatcherServlet</servlet-class>
        <init-param>
            <param-name>contextConfigLocation</param-name>
            <param-value></param-value>
        </init-param>
        <load-on-startup>1</load-on-startup>
    </servlet>

    <servlet-mapping>
        <servlet-name>app</servlet-name>
        <url-pattern>/app/*</url-pattern>
    </servlet-mapping>

</web-app>

父子容器

个人猜测Spring Boot基于内嵌容器特性会渐渐淡化父子容器的概念,最终只是一个大容器

image-20210810174536660

内嵌容器

概述

Spring Boot 内嵌像Tomcat、Jetty、Undertow等实现Servlet规范的容器,如果有研究过Tomcat这只三脚猫logo中间件(后续有时间我们再分享一下Tomcat源码和原理)也知道Tomcat也是一个用Java语言编写的强大中间件,在Spring Boot通过New Tomcat方式来配置和启动web容器。

Spring Framework源码编译

使用最新Release版本v5.2.16.RELEASE

image-20210811091403678

同样找到项目根目录下README.md,从githubSpring Framework源码 wiki找到编译源码说明

image-20210811091723913

image-20210811091927447

实现

根据Servlet从3.0版本之后的规范,所有实现Servlet规范的Web容器都会扫描jar包下面META-INF/services下的文件,在Spring Web子项目中利用Java 的SPI机制(SPI是一种扩展机制,很多框架底层都使用或甚至重新实现自己的SPI机制,比如像Spring和Dubbo都实现自己的SPI,以后我们再找时间来讨论,暂且到这里),在根目录下META-INF/services创建一个文件名javax.servlet.ServletContainerInitializer,文件内容是实现类的org.springframework.web.SpringServletContainerInitializer全类名

image-20210810175831748

SpringServletContainerInitializer实现类针对通过@HandlesTypes感兴趣注解, 将所有实现WebApplicationInitializer的实现类放到一个Set集合中,然后再逐个调用其onStartup()方法,所以这里我们接上了1.1章节官网MyWebApplicationInitializer实现WebApplicationInitializer接口这一部分

@HandlesTypes(WebApplicationInitializer.class)
public class SpringServletContainerInitializer implements ServletContainerInitializer {
	@Override
	public void onStartup(@Nullable Set<Class<?>> webAppInitializerClasses, ServletContext servletContext)
			throws ServletException {

		List<WebApplicationInitializer> initializers = Collections.emptyList();

		if (webAppInitializerClasses != null) {
			initializers = new ArrayList<>(webAppInitializerClasses.size());
			for (Class<?> waiClass : webAppInitializerClasses) {
				// Be defensive: Some servlet containers provide us with invalid classes,
				// no matter what @HandlesTypes says...
				if (!waiClass.isInterface() && !Modifier.isAbstract(waiClass.getModifiers()) &&
						WebApplicationInitializer.class.isAssignableFrom(waiClass)) {
					try {
						initializers.add((WebApplicationInitializer)
								ReflectionUtils.accessibleConstructor(waiClass).newInstance());
					}
					catch (Throwable ex) {
						throw new ServletException("Failed to instantiate WebApplicationInitializer class", ex);
					}
				}
			}
		}

		if (initializers.isEmpty()) {
			servletContext.log("No Spring WebApplicationInitializer types detected on classpath");
			return;
		}

		servletContext.log(initializers.size() + " Spring WebApplicationInitializers detected on classpath");
		AnnotationAwareOrderComparator.sort(initializers);
		for (WebApplicationInitializer initializer : initializers) {
			initializer.onStartup(servletContext);
		}
	}

}

接下来我们再来看看Web容器如Tomcat是如何在Spring Boot中运行的,首先我们先得知道SpringBoot启动过程,我们知道Spring Boot 应用程序都是从SpringApplication.run开始的,而run方法则始于SpringApplication类,返回ApplicationContext接口的子接口ConfigurableApplicationContext,通过refreshContext方法调用Spring Framework最大名鼎鼎的refresh方法初始化Spring容器,而refresh方法中的onRefresh是留给子类扩展使用的,而也是在这里开始初始化Web容器的

image-20210811094042778

image-20210811094642698

找到其实现类ServletWebServerApplicationContext,在这里createWebServer开始创建WebServer,

image-20210811094919733

image-20210811100427533

这里会根据我们我们pom文件starter依赖来决定创建Tomcat、Undertow、Jetty,Undertow在并发下性能明显优化另外Tomcat和Jetty,建议优先使用Undertow,但这里由于大家对于Tomcat印象比较深刻,所以我们示例还是以Tomcat为主

Spring Boot内嵌容器默认为Tomcat,想要换成Undertow也是非常容易的,只需修改spring-boot-starter-web依赖,移除tomcat的依赖:

<dependency>
    <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
    <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-web</artifactId>
    <exclusions>
        <exclusion>
            <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-tomcat</artifactId>
        </exclusion>
    </exclusions>
</dependency>

添加undertow依赖:

<dependency>
    <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
    <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-undertow</artifactId>
</dependency>
server:  
    port: 8084  
    http2:  
        enabled: true  
    undertow:  
        io-threads: 16  
        worker-threads: 256  
        buffer-size: 1024  
        buffers-per-region: 1024  
        direct-buffers: true 

至此,这里我们通过ServletWebServerFactory的实现类TomcatServletWebServerFactory的getWebServer方法找到new Tomcat的源码

image-20210811102649821

image-20210811102803486

	@Override
	public WebServer getWebServer(ServletContextInitializer... initializers) {
		if (this.disableMBeanRegistry) {
			Registry.disableRegistry();
		}
		Tomcat tomcat = new Tomcat();
		File baseDir = (this.baseDirectory != null) ? this.baseDirectory : createTempDir("tomcat");
		tomcat.setBaseDir(baseDir.getAbsolutePath());
		Connector connector = new Connector(this.protocol);
		connector.setThrowOnFailure(true);
		tomcat.getService().addConnector(connector);
		customizeConnector(connector);
		tomcat.setConnector(connector);
		tomcat.getHost().setAutoDeploy(false);
		configureEngine(tomcat.getEngine());
		for (Connector additionalConnector : this.additionalTomcatConnectors) {
			tomcat.getService().addConnector(additionalConnector);
		}
		prepareContext(tomcat.getHost(), initializers);
		return getTomcatWebServer(tomcat);
	}

自动装配

@SpringBootApplication注解

我们知道所有运用Spring Boot应用程序在根目录的主类上都标有一个@SpringBootApplication的注解,这个就是SpringBoot自动装配实现的入口,我们接下来一步步的来分析,首先@SpringBootApplication在org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.SpringBootApplication中,Spring Boot的自动装配也都是在org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure项目里实现的

image-20210811104306064

而我们经常看到spring-boot-starter-xxx这种里面主要是定义了依赖包装成一个个启动器,实际实现还是在spring-boot-autoconfigure中,这些都是Spring Boot官方帮我们整合实现并提供开箱即可工具,此外还有一些第三方整合提供以xxx开头的xxx-spring-boot-starter比如阿里巴巴的druid-spring-boot-starter和苞米豆mybatis-plus-boot-starter等

image-20210811104925144

在@SpringBootApplication注解里主要有下面这三个注解

  • @SpringBootConfiguration(继承了Configuration,表示当前是注解类)

  • @ComponentScan (包含扫描和排除扫描组件配置)

  • @EnableAutoConfiguration (在这里开启Spring Boot的自动配置注解功能)

    • @AutoConfigurationPackage
    • @Import(AutoConfigurationImportSelector.class)

核心之核心的地方就是借助@import导入AutoConfigurationImportSelector,这个是Spring中ImportSelector接口的实现类,ImportSelect接口是org.springframework.context里的内容,在Spring Framework 3.1版本之后就有,后续我们有时间讨论Spring Framework 的时候再来详说

image-20210811110931317

image-20210811111307436

image-20210811113250346

重要的方法也即是这个getCandidateConfigurations,调用loadFactoryNames,而loadFactoryNames调用loadSpringFactories方法,classLoader.getResources这里就是谜底揭开的时候,通过JDK classLoader加载FACTORIES_RESOURCE_LOCATION(META-INF/spring.factories)文件内容

	protected List<String> getCandidateConfigurations(AnnotationMetadata metadata, AnnotationAttributes attributes) {
		List<String> configurations = SpringFactoriesLoader.loadFactoryNames(getSpringFactoriesLoaderFactoryClass(),
				getBeanClassLoader());
		Assert.notEmpty(configurations, "No auto configuration classes found in META-INF/spring.factories. If you "
				+ "are using a custom packaging, make sure that file is correct.");
		return configurations;
	}

	public static List<String> loadFactoryNames(Class<?> factoryType, @Nullable ClassLoader classLoader) {
		ClassLoader classLoaderToUse = classLoader;
		if (classLoaderToUse == null) {
			classLoaderToUse = SpringFactoriesLoader.class.getClassLoader();
		}
		String factoryTypeName = factoryType.getName();
		return loadSpringFactories(classLoaderToUse).getOrDefault(factoryTypeName, Collections.emptyList());
	}

	private static Map<String, List<String>> loadSpringFactories(ClassLoader classLoader) {
		Map<String, List<String>> result = cache.get(classLoader);
		if (result != null) {
			return result;
		}

		result = new HashMap<>();
		try {
			Enumeration<URL> urls = classLoader.getResources(FACTORIES_RESOURCE_LOCATION);
			while (urls.hasMoreElements()) {
				URL url = urls.nextElement();
				UrlResource resource = new UrlResource(url);
				Properties properties = PropertiesLoaderUtils.loadProperties(resource);
				for (Map.Entry<?, ?> entry : properties.entrySet()) {
					String factoryTypeName = ((String) entry.getKey()).trim();
					String[] factoryImplementationNames =
							StringUtils.commaDelimitedListToStringArray((String) entry.getValue());
					for (String factoryImplementationName : factoryImplementationNames) {
						result.computeIfAbsent(factoryTypeName, key -> new ArrayList<>())
								.add(factoryImplementationName.trim());
					}
				}
			}

			// Replace all lists with unmodifiable lists containing unique elements
			result.replaceAll((factoryType, implementations) -> implementations.stream().distinct()
					.collect(Collectors.collectingAndThen(Collectors.toList(), Collections::unmodifiableList)));
			cache.put(classLoader, result);
		}
		catch (IOException ex) {
			throw new IllegalArgumentException("Unable to load factories from location [" +
					FACTORIES_RESOURCE_LOCATION + "]", ex);
		}
		return result;
	}

image-20210811111853490

通过spring-boot-autoconfigure的resource目录下META-INF目录找到spring.factories文件后我们可以看到这里面就是Spring SPI机制实现,在此定义一个规范的路径和文件名,文件内容放置了一个个Spring Boot提供自动装配的组件,而后面我们可想而知Spring Boot底层肯定还是利用反射机制将这些类放到Spring容器中管理,我们就可以通过Spring Boot通用三板斧使用步骤,第一步加坐标依赖starter,第二步启动类中开启使用注解,第三步配置配置文件参数后轻松使用工具类的功能

image-20210811112441095

Starter开发简易剖析

步骤

  • 建立autoconfigure工程
    • 开发自动配置的实现类
      • xxxProperties.class 提供参数配置实现类,比如redis的host、url等,我们也可以从这里找到所有配置参数信息
      • xxxConnectionConfiguration.class,由@Import注解导入依赖类
      • xxxAutoConfiguration实现类,然后通过Java Config和@Bean注解方式将Java Bean注册到Spring容器里,后续使用则直接从Spring容器中拿即可
    • 项目根目录resource建立META-INF文件夹,下面建立spring.factories文件,将自动配置类的全类名方放在org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.EnableAutoConfiguration里
  • 建立spring-boot-starter-xxx工程,管理依赖,如下Redis Starter gradle配置

RedisAutoConfiguration分析

RedisAutoConfiguration实现

@Configuration(proxyBeanMethods = false)
@ConditionalOnClass(RedisOperations.class)
@EnableConfigurationProperties(RedisProperties.class)
@Import({ LettuceConnectionConfiguration.class, JedisConnectionConfiguration.class })
public class RedisAutoConfiguration {

   @Bean
   @ConditionalOnMissingBean(name = "redisTemplate")
   @ConditionalOnSingleCandidate(RedisConnectionFactory.class)
   public RedisTemplate<Object, Object> redisTemplate(RedisConnectionFactory redisConnectionFactory) {
      RedisTemplate<Object, Object> template = new RedisTemplate<>();
      template.setConnectionFactory(redisConnectionFactory);
      return template;
   }

   @Bean
   @ConditionalOnMissingBean
   @ConditionalOnSingleCandidate(RedisConnectionFactory.class)
   public StringRedisTemplate stringRedisTemplate(RedisConnectionFactory redisConnectionFactory) {
      StringRedisTemplate template = new StringRedisTemplate();
      template.setConnectionFactory(redisConnectionFactory);
      return template;
   }

}

Redis Starter依赖

plugins {
	id "org.springframework.boot.starter"
}

description = "Starter for using Redis key-value data store with Spring Data Redis and the Lettuce client"

dependencies {
	api(project(":spring-boot-project:spring-boot-starters:spring-boot-starter"))
	api("org.springframework.data:spring-data-redis")
	api("io.lettuce:lettuce-core")
}