01 . Vue简介,原理,环境安装
简介
vue是一个JavaMVVM库，是一套用于构建用户界面的渐进式框架，是初创项目的首选前端框架。它是以数据驱动和组件化的思想构建的，采用自底向上增量开发的设计。它是轻量级的，它有很多独立的功能或库，我们会根据我们的项目来选用vue的一些功能。它提供了更加简洁、更易于理解的API，使得我们能够快速地上手并使用Vue.js.
安装vue
Vue环境安装
运行vue等技术开发的客户端项目,需要安装Node.js环境
Node下载
可以到nodejs的下载页面: //nodejs.cn/download/下载对应的安装包
1.Windows电脑安装Nodejs环境
- 1、windows环境下选择.msi安装文件。然后进行双击node.msi，选择安装路径。
- 2、配置环境变量。在计算机（或者我的电脑）右击属性 -> 高级系统设置 -> 环境变量进行配置。新建NODE_PATH变量并设置Nodejs的安装目录。
macOS系统安装Nodejs
在终端中使用brew命令安装nodejs。详细命令：
brew install nodejs
Linux系统安装Nodejs
在nodejs的下载页面选择linux类别下的64位文件，下载文件为tar.xz格式的压缩文件。然后依次执行解压缩和建立软连接的命令：
tar -xvf node-v10.15.3-linux-x64.tar.xz
vi /etc/profile
export NODEJS=/opt/node/node-v10.15.3-linux-x64
export PATH=$NODEJS/bin:$PATH
// 保存/etc/profile文件后
node -v
// 看版本
安装脚手架工具vue-cli
/*
npm install --global vue-cli
*/
安装webpack
/*
npm install -g webpack
vue init webpack myVue
npm install -g webpack
/Users/youmen/.nvm/versions/node/v10.14.2/bin/webpack -> /Users/youmen/.nvm/versions/node/v10.14.2/lib/node_modules/webpack/bin/webpack.js
+ [email protected]
added 82 packages from 122 contributors in 6.878s
\W $ vue init webpack myvue
? Project name helloworld
? Project description student vue demo1
? Author [email protected]
? Vue build standalone
? Install vue-router? Yes
? Use ESLint to lint your code? No
? Set up unit tests Yes
? Pick a test runner jest
? Setup e2e tests with Nightwatch? No
? Should we run `npm install` for you after the project has
been created? (recommended) npm
安装中有个选项(Use ESLint to line your code? 选择No)
进入myVue,使用npm install 安装package.json中的依赖
cd myVue
npm install
运行项目
npm run dev
*/
安装nvm
管理node版本,非必须
// mac
git clone //github.com/nvm-sh/nvm.git
cd nvm
./install.sh
cat ~/.bash_profile
export NVM_DIR="$HOME/.nvm"
[ -s "$NVM_DIR/nvm.sh" ] && . "$NVM_DIR/nvm.sh" # This loads nvm
// 换源
export NVM_NODEJS_ORG_MIRROR=//npm.taobao.org/mirrors/node
export NVM_IOJS_ORG_MIRROR=//npm.taobao.org/mirrors/iojs
source ~/.bash_profile
nvm --version
0.37.0
// 安装指定版本
nvm install 10.14.2
安装yarn
包管理工具
brew install yarn
安装vue cli
npm config set registry //registry.npm.taobao.org/
npm install -g @vue/cli
yarn global add @vue/cli
创建vue项目
vue create ginessentail-vue
Vue CLI v4.5.8
? Please pick a preset: (Use arrow keys)
Default ([Vue 2] babel, eslint)
Default (Vue 3 Preview) ([Vue 3] babel, eslint)
❯ Manually select features
Vue CLI v4.5.8
? Please pick a preset: Manually select features
? Check the features needed for your project:
◉ Choose Vue version
◉ Babel
◯ TypeScript
◯ Progressive Web App (PWA) Support
◉ Router
◉ Vuex
❯◯ CSS Pre-processors
◉ Linter / Formatter
◯ Unit Testing
◯ E2E Testing
Vue CLI v4.5.8
? Please pick a preset: Manually select features
? Check the features needed for your project: Choose Vue version, Babel, Router, Vuex, Lin
ter
? Choose a version of Vue.js that you want to start the project with 2.x
? Use history mode for router? (Requires proper server setup for index fallback in product
ion) (Y/n) y
Vue CLI v4.5.8
? Please pick a preset: Manually select features
? Check the features needed for your project: Choose Vue version, Babel, Router, Vuex, CSS
Pre-processors, Linter
? Choose a version of Vue.js that you want to start the project with 3.x (Preview)
? Use history mode for router? (Requires proper server setup for index fallback in product
ion) Yes
? Pick a CSS pre-processor (PostCSS, Autoprefixer and CSS Modules are supported by default
):
Sass/SCSS (with dart-sass)
❯ Sass/SCSS (with node-sass)
Less
Stylus
Vue CLI v4.5.8
? Please pick a preset: Manually select features
? Check the features needed for your project: Choose Vue version, Babel, Router, Vuex, CSS
Pre-processors, Linter
? Choose a version of Vue.js that you want to start the project with 3.x (Preview)
? Use history mode for router? (Requires proper server setup for index fallback in product
ion) Yes
? Pick a CSS pre-processor (PostCSS, Autoprefixer and CSS Modules are supported by default
): Sass/SCSS (with node-sass)
? Pick a linter / formatter config:
ESLint with error prevention only
❯ ESLint + Airbnb config
ESLint + Standard config
ESLint + Prettier
Vue CLI v4.5.8
? Please pick a preset: Manually select features
? Check the features needed for your project: Choose Vue version, Babel, Router, Vuex, CSS
Pre-processors, Linter
? Choose a version of Vue.js that you want to start the project with 3.x (Preview)
? Use history mode for router? (Requires proper server setup for index fallback in product
ion) Yes
? Pick a CSS pre-processor (PostCSS, Autoprefixer and CSS Modules are supported by default
): Sass/SCSS (with node-sass)
? Pick a linter / formatter config: Airbnb
? Pick additional lint features: Lint on save
? Where do you prefer placing config for Babel, ESLint, etc.? (Use arrow keys)
❯ In dedicated config files
In package.json
success Saved lockfile.
✨ Done in 17.00s.
🚀 Invoking generators...
📦 Installing additional dependencies...
yarn install v1.22.10
[1/4] 🔍 Resolving packages...
[2/4] 🚚 Fetching packages...
[3/4] 🔗 Linking dependencies...
[4/4] 🔨 Building fresh packages...
success Saved lockfile.
✨ Done in 8.86s.
⚓ Running completion hooks...
📄 Generating README.md...
🎉 Successfully created project ginessentail-vue.
👉 Get started with the following commands:
$ cd ginessentail-vue
$ yarn serve
cd ginessentail-vue
yarn serve
引入bootstrap
yarn add vue bootstrap-vue bootstrap
项目目录说明
/*
build：项目构建(webpack)相关代码
config：配置目录，包括端口号等
node_modules：npm加载的项目依赖块
src：这里是我们要开发的目录，基本上要做的事情都在这个目录里。里面包含了几个目录及文件：
assets: 放置一些图片，如logo等
components：该目录里存放的我们的开发文件组件，主要的开发文件都存放在这里了
App.vue：项目入口文件
main.js：项目的核心文件
router：路由配置目录
static：放置一些静态资源文件
test：初始测试目录，可删除
.xxxx文件：这些是一些配置文件，包括语法配置，git配置等
index.html：首页入口文件
package.json：项目配置文件
README.md：项目的说明文档，markdown 格式
*/
Vue项目启动流程
1.找到package.json文件
/*
在执行npm run dev的时候，会去在当前文件夹下的项目中找package.json文件,启动开发服务器，默认端口是8080;
*/
2.找到src的main.json文件,在该文件中new Vue实例,要加载的模板内容App
3.App是src目录下的App.vue结尾的文件
4.在App.vue所对应的模板当中，有一个router-view在src目录下有一个router文件夹，该文件夹有个index.js文件，该文件是配置路由词典，指定了路由地址是空，加载HelloWorld组件
vue运行是基于node环境的,,构建vue框架之前,需要确保node环境安装成功
vue生命周期示意图
